The Great Migration Africa: answers to your wildebeest migration safari FAQs

We have all seen the Great Migration in Africa on the internet and TV. Cleverly cut and dramatized clips of surging wildebeest herds, frothing water, desperate struggles, snapping crocodiles… death, and of course the triumph of safety and survival. While these wildlife documentaries have put the Great Wildebeest Migration in Tanzania and Kenya on the top of everyone’s must-see African safari bucket list, what is it really like?

Wildebeest Migration in Serengeti

We'll cover everything you want to know, need to know, and didn’t know, about Africa's Great Migration in Serengeti and Masai Mara. From when to go and where to stay, this guide will help you manage your expectations and plan for the African safari of a lifetime!

What is the Great Migration Africa famous for?

The Great Migration in Africa is the year-long movement of nearly 2 million wildebeest, zebra, and antelope as they follow the rains in search of grazing.

Great Migration in Serengeti, Tanzania by Ben & Gab

This is an over-simplification of a radical ecosystem that is constantly moving, growing, contracting, expanding, shrinking, and growing again. The Great Migration Africa has been described as the greatest (natural) show on earth. The wildebeest gather in their thousands, give birth, migrate, mate, feed, survive attacks by predators and river crossings, and make their way back to repeat the cycle all over again. It is a 365-day-a-year phenomenon that keeps the savannah plains fertile and thriving,

• 60% of the animals on the migration are wildebeest. Followed by zebra, Thomson’s gazelle, and eland.

Thousands of African safari enthusiasts, photographers, and filmmakers seek out the wildebeest migration every year. They come for the wildebeest and zebra crossings of the Grumeti and Mara Rivers, the huge herds of Masai Mara, the rutting season in northern Serengeti, and the calving season in southern Serengeti.

The important thing to remember is that Africa's Great Migration is made up of vast independent herds. These herds of herbivores move all year round. Your safari objective is to target aggregations of these animals and maximize the viewing potential. With wildlife and weather, there can never be guarantees and sometimes you may miss one thing but be rewarded with something completely different.

Great Migration Africa, zebras in Serengeti by Colin J. McMechan

The area of the Great Migration Africa spans the border of Kenya and Tanzania in an area defined as the Serengeti-Masai Mara ecosystem.

Where does Africa's Great Migration of wildebeest take place?

The millions of wildebeest, zebra, and gazelles that make up the Great Migration of Africa follow a circular route around the Serengeti-Masai Mara ecosystem. Spanning the African countries of Tanzania and Kenya the Serengeti-Masai Mara ecosystem covers an area of over 24000km². This area is vast and includes the Serengeti National Park, the Masai Mara National Reserve, and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area as well as a plethora of smaller game reserves, wildlife conservancies, and private conservation areas.

Tanzania Great Migration, Africa

Though the Serengeti migration takes place all year round as the wildebeest herds follow the rains, let’s break it down into the flash-points of birth, mating, and river crossings. These are the places you need to be to get the most out of your migration safari.

Great Migration Africa Map 

Wildebeest Great Migration Map

Tanzania Migration: Southern Serengeti and Ndutu Plains

From January, millions of wildebeest begin to mass on the Ndutu Plains of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and the southern Serengeti in Tanzania. The animals gather here to calve and build strength before beginning the northern movement to follow the rains.

Ngorongoro Crater wildebeest migration, Tanzania by Ian Cochrane

The open plains of the Ndutu and southern Serengeti are some of the best places to see the Great Migration in Africa for three reasons. First, the wildebeest, zebra, and antelope gather here for three months. It is a huge concentration of wildlife and the viewing is spectacular. Second, over 8000 animals; wildebeest, gazelle, and zebra, are born per day in these three months. The baby gnus can walk within 2 minutes of their birth! Third, the huge concentration of animals and the draw of vulnerable young is a magnet for predators and this is one of the best places to see predation anywhere in Africa.

Tanzania Migration: West and Central Serengeti

June is the rutting season for the wildebeest in Tanzania. During mating season, testosterone fills the air as noisy males compete for the attention of females in the herd. This is a good time to witness some interesting animal behaviour and see the “clowns” of the savannah in all their glory. The downside is that the wildebeest herds are often (not always) thinly spread at this time. Some move through the western corridor to the Grumeti River while others migrate straight north through the central Seronera region of Serengeti National Park.

Great Migration in Tanzania by Marc Veraart

Tanzania & Kenya Migration: Mara River Crossing

The Mara River crossing is possibly the most famous migration safari snapshot. It is 'camera fodder' and has proven a crowd-puller for decades through wildlife documentaries. The wildebeest mass on the southern edge of the river, afraid to wade through the crocodile-infested waters until something gives and adrenaline fills the air and the animals plunge through the muddy waters mixing sweat, spit, and blood. The Mara River crossing is hugely popular. Late July through to early September is the best time to try and see the crossings. By September the window has closed and most of the animals have migrated to Kenya and the Masai Mara National Reserve.

Great Migration in Masai Mara, Kenya by James H

The scenes of wildebeest and zebra crossing the crocodile-infested Mara River are often condensed into 2-minute clips that air in prime time on shows like Animal Planet. Be warned! They take months to film and an individual crossing often only lasts a few minutes. Professional wildlife cameramen and women spend hours camped along the rivers in the heat and often uncomfortable positions to stitch together what appears to be a fluid minute-long sequence.

While safari companies do everything they can to get you the sighting you want to see, the animals, weather, and movements are wild and unpredictable, and when they do happen, fast!

Sadly there are no guarantees but then, if there were, it wouldn’t be a real African safari!

How to deal with nature: the unpredictability of 2 million wildebeest, zebra, and antelope

So you want to see the Great Migration in Africa? Easy-peasy! Over 2 million wild animals migrate across 24000km² of the African savannah, with an average of up to 40km a day. No problem!

Africa Great Migration, Tanzania Safari by Vince Smith

This may sound excessively optimistic but there are a lot of factors working in your favour to make your dream migration safari come true. While there is some unpredictability (as there always should be with wild animals and weather) there are two very tangible add-ons that we can control.

Technology and expectations

The good news is that we find ourselves squarely rooted in the information age. What this translates to on an African safari is a veritable army of interconnected guides, conservationists, conservancies, and agencies working to get you everything that your heart desires. Satellites that track Africa's Great Migration, communication at the touch of a button and a brief search of articles about when and where to go will bring up a smorgasbord of information to choose from… What I am getting at is that in an ultra-competitive market, every safari company is doing everything they can to get you into that magic moment, gnus crossing the Grumeti, lion kill on the Seronera, or zebra birth on the edge of Ngorongoro Crater.

They are here for you.

Manage your expectations. There are as many types of safaris as there are animals in the African wilderness and far more places to visit than that. It pays to do your homework and it pays to spend a little more on seeing exactly what it is that you are travelling to Africa to see. If you want to see a crocodile drowning a wildebeest during the Great Migration, then take a few days to witness the river crossing in all its unpredictable glory.

Masai Mara River crossing, migration safari by James H

It’s worth having a list of MUST-sees, want-to-sees, and would-be-nice-to-sees. The Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania is not going anywhere. Neither is the sense of openness and wildness that you will experience on the open plains of the Serengeti National Park. These are wild places. Wild places filled with wild animals. The wildebeest migration might be crossing the Mara River 5km upstream from where you are waiting and this is hugely disappointing. But then you never dreamed that you might see a cackle of hyenas pilfering a kill from a pride of lions.

In terms of being on safari in Africa, managing your expectations means being prepared for anything. Making sure that you see that special thing means putting yourself in the right place at the right time and then allowing it (time) to unfold.

There is a reason that people head into the wilderness year after year and keep coming back with once-in-a-lifetime stories. There is always an adventure around the corner.

The best time to see the Wildebeest Migration in Africa: Great Migration Dates

With a wildebeest migration schedule that runs for 365 days a year, spans two countries (Kenya and Tanzania), and multiple protected areas, it is a really good idea to break it down into digestible chunks.

The Serengeti National Park of Tanzania is an excellent place to start. Covering almost 15000km² or 97% of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem it is huge. Bordering the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and Masawa Game Reserve in the south, the Serengeti stretches north to the Seronera plains, past the Grumeti Game Reserve and eventually to the Mara River and finally into Kenya’s Masai Mara. Arguably the two best places to see the Great Migration in Africa, are both within the borders of the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.

Serengeti Wildebeest Migration in June by Not So Dusty

January to March: Southern Serengeti

January through to March, the herds of wildebeest, zebra, and antelope begin to mass in the Ndutu plains of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and the open savannah of the southern Serengeti Park. The ungulates feed and females begin to calve. This is a fantastic opportunity to view the sheer numbers of gnus and other antelope on the open plains. During the calving season, about 8000 wildebeest are born per day, virtually guaranteeing sightings of newborns frolicking on unsteady legs. Because the wildebeest herds are calving and gathering strength before their northward trek, the huge herds are relatively stationary. The slow-moving herds, the abundance of new life, and one of the highest predator concentrations in Africa are the perfect recipe for some dramatic safari viewing.

Wildebeest migration calving season by Kat and Rully

August to October: Masai Mara & Mara River Crossing

August through to October is the best time to try and see the Mara River crossings. The drama and brutal action along the Mara River are incredible to witness. As the herds gather along the banks, confusion ensues as the masses pulse into the fast-flowing waters. These crossings do not happen all at once, only last a few minutes, and are spread out over a large area of the riverfront. Your best time to see the Mara River crossing is August as the bulk of the herds cross then but they do start as early as July and continue into early September.

Great Migration in Serengeti, Tanzania

When is the best time to see the Great Migration in Masai Mara?

The Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya is a comparatively much smaller land area than the Serengeti. With most of the wildebeest having crossed over the Mara River, September is generally believed to be the best time of year to see the Great Migration in Masai Mara. By October, the herds begin to move back to the Serengeti through Loliondo in the east.

Grumeti River vs the Mara River crossing, if you have to choose one…

As the great migration herds leave the southern plains with their fast-growing calves, they break up and take different routes towards the Masai Mara in the north. There are two major river crossings that they must cross to get to the Masai Mara, the Grumeti River, and the Mara River. There are as always pros and cons to both and choosing one will come down to personal preference.

Wildebeest Great Migration in Kenya by Julian Mason

The Grumeti River crossing

The Grumeti River crossing takes place in Tanzania from June to August. The wildebeest that travel through the western corridor must cross the Grumeti River into the Grumeti Reserve. Generally, the Grumeti River is shallower and slower and so does not provide the drama of the Mara River crossings. What the Grumeti lacks in comparison to the Mara River, it makes up in terms of remoteness and quietude. Peak season at the Mara River can become crowded and the remoteness and exclusivity of the Grumeti Reserve mean that you may have the river bank all to yourself. Oh, and did I mention that the Grumeti Reserve is home to some of the largest lion prides in Africa?

The Mara River crossing

The Mara River is what safari fantasies are made of! Full, fast-flowing, steep banks, crocodile-infested and dangerous, this epic scene is what everybody has seen on TV and wants to see in real life. The Mara River crossing season runs from late July through to late September with the peak month being August. August is when the crossings are at their highest frequency and this is the time to maximize your chances of seeing the Mara River crossing. On the downside, this is no secret. While the scenes are epic and unforgettable, this is peak season. Bookings fill up fast and there can be a lot of competition to get the best spot. If crowds are not your thing, consider exploring the Grumeti River as a more tranquil option.

Unpredictable wildlife: How to maximize your chances of seeing a river crossing on the Great Migration?

Safaris in Africa cover vast areas with huge volumes of animals. This is wild country. While you do have amazing resources to get you where you want to be, there is no guarantee when dealing with wildlife, wild places, or wild weather. If seeing a Mara River crossing is the only MUST-see on your list and in terms of managing your expectations this is non-negotiable then there is just one thing that I would recommend: take the time.

Managing your expectations often means managing your budget. Speak openly with your safari consultant about what it is that you want and listen to their recommendations. Taking an extra day in the Serengeti to optimize your chances of seeing a Mara River crossing at the expense of a luxury lodge might be just the ticket. You might see the most amazing wildebeest and zebra Mara River crossing on your first morning but your time in Serengeti Park will never be wasted. There is just too much to see and the longer you stay, the more opportunities you will have to see something both unexpected and remarkable on your migration safari.

Where to stay during your migration safari… mobile safari camp, permanent safari camp, or lodge?

Between the Serengeti National Park, surrounding conservancies, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, and the Masai Mara National Reserve (not to mention all the private Masai Mara Conservancies) there is a plethora of accommodation options. Deciding what is best for you means looking at all the options. Let’s take a look at mobile safari camps vs permanent safari camps vs a lodge.

African Safari Lodge

A safari lodge is a solid, well-built permanent structure. Many safari goers feel more secure with mortar and glass surrounding them and there are levels of comfort to suit everyone. From high-end boutique experiences to family-style resort complexes, safari lodges are always solid but not always luxurious. The hotel style is more affordable and less glamorous and caters well to budget travellers stretching their pennies as well as larger family groups. They also offer various ranges of activities that are not migration safari specific - think yoga, swimming pools, and cultural experiences.

Tanzania migration safari lodge

Permanent Safari Camp or Tented Safari Camp

As the name suggests, a ‘permanent’ safari camp remains in a fixed location. It allows for a blend of African-style adventure with all of the modern conveniences for those who like their comfort. They are usually a little more high-end and have showers, sinks, toilets, and 24-hour running water to make them all work! These permanent camps can supply all levels of luxury and may be situated at the edge of a watering hole so that the game can come to you. These safari camps are sometimes remote and leave you to soak up the wilderness without forgoing any of your favourite creature comforts.

Kenya tented lodge Masai Mara

Mobile Safari Camps

Mobile safari camps come in two varieties: seasonal mobile safari camps and just plain mobile safari camps.

Seasonal mobile safari camps are tented experiences that choose prime locations and are assembled to cater to the peak seasons. Comfort without frills. They will move a few times during the year which allows them to cater to safari goers who come to witness the seasonal movements of animals, like the Great Wildebeest Migration. If your primary aim is to maximize your game viewing in the best locations, then this is the safari option for you.

Mobile tented migration safari camp

Mobile Safari Camps are the original safari option. Small tents, lightweight, minimal footprint, and maximum movement. Generally speaking, these safari camps are more budget-friendly and will allow you the freedom to really get off the main roads and destinations. The price you pay is comfort. Expect a dome tent with shared ablutions and forget about the Egyptian cotton sheets. Focus instead on the sounds of the night and the great expanses of the African wild.

*While there are exceptions (think 5-star camping elite) these more adventurous options that operate mainly in National Parks are limited by park rules and regulations like day-time on-road only game drives. It’s a good idea to speak to your safari consultant about exactly what you will be getting; locations, activities, vehicle type, and the number of guests are all worth considering before you book your migration safari.

How to beat the herds (…of people) at the Great Migration

If herds of people are not your thing and you fancy a quieter experience, the two major options you have are to choose areas that are off the beaten track or to travel out of season.

As discussed earlier, picking a Grumeti River crossing over a Mara River crossing would straight away put you in a quieter part of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem. Similarly, while September is the best time to visit the Masai Mara with the majority of the wildebeest having crossed the Mara River into Kenya, many animals remain in the northern Serengeti National Park. Many animals cross back and forth between the two following local rains.

Placing yourself in northern Tanzania in August and October therefore still offers amazing game viewing opportunities. There are both big herds and river crossings but generally, the accommodations are quieter and it is possible to find some better safari deals.

Great Migration Tanzania, Serengeti

If you aim to see herds of migrating wildebeest, zebra and antelope massing in the southern Serengeti but you don’t want the crowds, then think about shifting your itinerary. The peak season in the Ndutu region is February meaning more tourists and higher prices. Being flexible with your itinerary and shifting to March means fewer tourists and better prices.

The key here is to be prepared. Know what you want but be flexible and open to suggestions. Your best bet here is to talk to a safari expert and ask them about high seasons and low seasons, wet seasons and dry seasons, and how to beat the crowds.

Is it worth visiting the Serengeti outside of the Great Migration months?

Yes. Wildlife viewing in the Serengeti is good all year round with some areas being better at certain times. The Great Wildebeest Migration is an all-year-round event. Though 1.5 million animals do migrate, many more animals do not migrate. Elephants, giraffes, and other renegade species like the Big 5 are all local residents that you may see all year round. Add to this the breathtaking scenery and Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park is always worth a visit.

*Don’t forget to check the weather before you go. East Africa has alternating wet and dry seasons. See our quick table below and don’t forget to chat with a travel consultant to get up-to-date information from an East Africa expert.

Is it worth visiting the Masai Mara outside of the wildebeest migration months?

Yes. The Masai Mara is world famous for good reason. The lush plains and regular rainfall support a vast number of herbivores and it is, therefore, a great place to see the big cats. Cheetahs, leopards, and lions are all relatively easy to spot and this alone makes it a fantastic African safari destination.

*Don’t forget to check the weather before you go. East Africa has alternating wet and dry seasons. See our quick table below and don’t forget to chat with a travel consultant to get up-to-date information from an East Africa expert.

Month-by-Month Great Migration Africa Guide

MONTH	SEASON - WET/DRY	MIGRATION SAFARI TIPS	GREAT MIGRATION LOCATION
January	Hot and humid summer month	Best time  for wildebeest calving	Herds arriving in Southern Serengeti
February	Hot summer month	Best time  for wildebeest calving High season on the Ndutu plains	Peak calving season in Southern Serengeti
March	Wet and hot  Long rains	Worst weather Slow moving herds	Peak calving season in Southern Serengeti
April	Wet and hot Rains mostly in the evenings	Consistent weather makes April an excellent month to see the herds. The calves get stronger and the herds begin to move	Herds begin to move west and north
May	Wettest month and moderate temperatures Long rains expect difficult driving conditions	Low season Herds pick up speed and form splinter herds covering great distances	West Central Serengeti Rutting season starts
June	First month of winter, end of the rainy season Lush and green after rains	Best general wildlife viewing Best weather	Central Serengeti Rutting season and Grumeti River crossing
July	Pleasant dry winter month	Best general wildlife viewing Best weather	Grumeti Reserve, Central and Northern Serengeti Mara River crossing into Kenya begins
August	Hot and humid dry month	Best general wildlife viewing Best weather	Grumeti Reserve, Ikorongo and North Serengeti Mara River crossing continues and herds gather in Masai Mara
September	Hot and dry in both Serengeti and Masai Mara	Best general wildlife viewing Best weather	Herds amass in Masai Mara
October	Milder month, dry and warm with the possibility of light showers	Best weather	Herds begin moving south into Serengeti and down into the Western Loliondo and Lobo area of Serengeti
November	Cooler weather with early rainfall in Serengeti	Unpredictable weather, potentially excellent time	Herds returning to Southern Serengeti
December	Wet weather and short rains in central Serengeti	High season over Christmas holidays: prices and crowds increase	Herds returning to Southern Serengeti

Plan your migration safari to see the Great Migration in Africa

The Serengeti-Mara ecosystem is an incredible place to visit. It is breathtaking, beautiful, brutal, and unforgettable. Planning your migration safari to get the most out of your budget is essential. Focus on what you want and stay flexible. African Budget Safaris has an experienced team of safari experts who are happy to help, so get in touch.

Africa Great Migration

See affordable Serengeti Safaris in Tanzania and Masai Mara Safaris in Kenya (includes combo migration safaris to both Masai Mara and Serengeti)