Experience the “Real Africa” in Zambia. This landlocked country in Southern Africa is rich in natural beauty and wildlife but remains an underrated Africa safari destination. South Luangwa National Park, Kafue, Victoria Falls, Lake Kariba, and the mighty Zambezi River are all part of the Zambia safari experience. Roughly the same size as France, Zambia is a superb game-viewing destination that offers a wild African experience ideal for the adventurous traveler.
Most famous for Victoria Falls, Zambia’s excellent safari destinations should not be overlooked. Zambia’s top safari parks include South Luangwa National Park, Kafue, and the Lower Zambezi National Park, to mention just a few. South Luangwa National Park is Zambia’s premier safari destination and is known for pristine wilderness and abundant wildlife, while Kafue National Park is the largest reserve in Zambia, and one of the largest in the world, boasting excellent infrastructure and game viewing. The Lower Zambezi National Park offers sunset cruises that include both game viewing and gin and tonic, or, for the more adventurous, thrilling canoe safaris along the Zambezi River.
In addition to these amazing safari destinations, visitors to Zambia will spend some time in Livingstone, Zambia’s adventure capital. Livingstone is the access point to Victoria Falls, the jewel in Zambia’s safari crown. The awe-inspiring Victoria Falls has it all, from bungee jumping and white water rafting to helicopter rides and bridge swings. No trip to Zambia is complete without dipping into some of the amazing adventure activities on offer at Victoria Falls.
Zambia sits in the shadow of the better-known African safari destinations like Botswana, Tanzania, Namibia, and South Africa, and as a result, has remained relatively undiscovered. This undiscovered quality contributes to making Zambia an exceptional safari destination that is well worth exploring.
- Victoria Falls, the Smoke that Thunders: Visit Victoria Falls in Zambia. Experience this UNESCO world heritage site from the viewpoints, in the air, or in the falls at Devil's Swimming Pool.
- South Luangwa National Park: The home of the walking safari, South Luangwa offers thrilling animal encounters, with 4 of the Big 5.
- Visit Kafue National Park, Zambia’s largest park and one of the largest reserves in Africa. Untrammeled and wild, Kafue’s untouched wilderness is a remarkable safari experience.
- Kasanka National Park, Zambia’s smallest national park, is home to one of the largest mammal migrations in the world, bats. Over 10 million bats congregate in Kasanka for a truly remarkable spectacle of life.
- Take a dugout canoe to find the rare, and prehistoric looking, Shoebill at Bangweulu Wetlands.
- Lower Zambezi is famous for relaxing, and exhilarating water-based safari adventures. Choose a sunset cruise or a canoe safari, for a close-up view of the wonders of the mighty Zambezi River.
- Visit North Luangwa National Park, home to Zambia’s only population of black rhinos.
Zambia Article Quick Links |
|---|
Zambia is in Southern Africa. It is located in the northern part of Southern Africa, where Southern, Central, and East Africa meet. This landlocked country sits slightly south of the middle of the African continent and as such is referred to as being in South-Central Africa.
Zambia covers an area larger than Texas at around 752 614 km² (290 586 mi²) in size. It has a border about 5 664 km long and thus shares boundaries with 8 neighboring countries. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) borders Zambia to the north and Tanzania to the northeast. To the east Zambia borders Malawi and to the southeast Mozambique. To the south, it borders Zimbabwe and a small stretch of Botswana. To the southwest, Zambia shares a short border with Namibia, and to the west, Angola.
Zambia has twenty National Parks, and within this collection, are some impressive safari gems that are worth exploring. South Luangwa National Park is undoubtedly Zambia’s top safari destination, with prime parks like Kafue National Park - Zambia’s largest reserve, and Lower Zambezi National Park - famous for G&T sunset cruises, not far behind. For those wanting to go a little further, Zambia has some smaller parks like North Luangwa, Kasanka, Liuwa Plain, Luambe, Mosi-oa-Tunya, and some birding gems like Lochinvar, Blue Lagoon, and Bangweulu Wetlands that are worth exploring.
South Luangwa National Park, big game in the home of Africa walking safaris
At the heart of Zambia's safari experience lies South Luangwa National Park, the country's premier game reserve. Encompassing a vast expanse of 9,050 km² / 3494 mi², this pristine wilderness boasts an extraordinary density and diversity of wildlife. From predators to prey, the park is home to an astonishing array of animal species, and over 400 bird species. As the traditional home of the walking safari, South Luangwa National Park offers intimate encounters with some of Africa's most amazing wildlife.
The Luangwa River is the lifeline of South Luangwa National Park, creating a stunning backdrop to the beautiful valley. This impressive waterway reduces to a mosaic of floodplains, pools, and oxbow lagoons in the Dry season, which provides much-needed water throughout the year. The park's landscape features a blend of open grassy plains, woodlands, and acacia shrubs. Wildlife viewing in South Luangwa National Park is fantastic, with opportunities to spot a wide range of animals. Four of the Big Five are present, with the rhino being the only missing species. Elephants regularly cross the river, and herds of buffalo can be hundreds strong. Lion and leopard sightings are common, while night drives offer the chance to see spotted hyenas, genets, bush babies, and even porcupines. South Luangwa National Park is also home to some unique species including the endemic Thornicroft's giraffe, Cookson's wildebeest, and the distinctive Crawshay's zebra. Other rare finds include the roan antelope and the diminutive Sharpe's grysbok.
South Luangwa National Park is the site where conservationist Norman Carr pioneered a move away from hunting to game viewing, which encouraged walking in the bush as a sustainable conservation strategy. Today, walking in South Luangwa remains one of the best Zambia safari experiences, where close encounters of the wild kind are the norm. South Luangwa has an impressive selection of accommodation options that boast everything from camping rough beneath the stars to super luxurious lodges. Other activities at South Luangwa include both day and night game drives, as well as specialist activities like photography and birding experiences. Exploring with an experienced guide is highly advisable as their knowledge and experience in the bush not only enhances the experience but also improves your chances of encountering diverse species.
South Luangwa National Park, is best visited in the middle and end of the Dry season, from July to October, which is considered the best time for a Zambia safari. During these months, the bush is less dense, offering excellent wildlife viewing opportunities. The animals tend to gather around the pools of the Luangwa River, providing ample chances for sightings.
Covering an impressive 22,400 km² / 8,649 mi², Kafue National Park holds the distinction of being Zambia's largest national park. Its origins date back to 1924 when it was first established as a reserve, later gaining national park status in 1950. It is the 5th largest nature park in Africa after Selous (Tanzania), Central Kalahari (Botswana), Namib-Nankluft (Namibia), and Niassa (Mozambique), making it a wilderness must-see for safari aficionados. The park's vast wilderness eclipses both the Kruger National Park and Wales, and is protected by nine Game Management Areas, that preserve its integrity and remarkable landscapes. Kafue boasts a rich array of wildlife, including 158 mammal species, 515 bird species, 70 reptile species, 58 fish species, and 36 amphibious species, showcasing its remarkable biodiversity. Managed by the excellent African Parks group, Kafue has a bright future in Zambia’s safari and conservation future.
Only 2 hours drive from Livingstone, Kafue has surprisingly remained remote and untrammeled. Due to the diverse habitats, including rivers, wetlands, floodplains, and miombo woodland, Kafue is renowned for its diversity of mammals, and bird life. Elephants are a common sighting with awe-inspiring super herds gathering around Lake Itezhi-Tezhi. The waterways are home to healthy populations of hippos and crocodiles, and lions are plentiful. Kafue’s ecological diversity shines through its impressive variety of antelope species, which includes massive herds of red lechwe and puku in wetland areas, Lichtenstein's hartebeest, sable antelope, roan antelope, greater kudu, and oribi. With such an abundance of antelope species, leopards are widespread, while cheetahs can be seen predominantly around the Busanga Plains. Kafue National Park also stands out as a rewarding birding destination, with over 500 recorded species, the most sought-after endemic species being the black-cheeked love bird.
The best time to visit Kafue National Park is from July to October, which falls in the middle and end of the Dry season. During these months, the bush has dried out, and thirsty animals gather around rivers and waterholes, providing optimal wildlife viewing opportunities. It is important to note that the Busanga Plains are inaccessible during the Wet season when they become flooded. Kafue National Park offers a range of accommodations, and activities to enhance your experience, including game drives, night drives for encountering elusive nocturnal species, and birding excursions.
Located in the southeast of Zambia, bordering Zimbabwe, the Lower Zambezi National Park stretches along the northern bank of the mighty Zambezi River. This park is teeming with wildlife and has four of the famous Big Five (rhinos are absent). Lower Zambezi safaris are famous for sunset cruises that take in the serene beauty of the Zambezi River, and exhilarating canoe safari adventures that put guests on a level with wildest Africa. There's no better way to witness abundant wildlife than from these exciting vantage points.
A safari to Lower Zambezi National Park can expect many wildlife encounters. Elephants and buffalo are plentiful during the Dry season, while predators exhibit a relaxed demeanor, providing opportunities for extraordinary sightings. Lions and hyenas are common, and watching these predators and scavengers interact is a heart-wrenching adventure.
Lower Zambezi National Park owes its life-giving presence to a vast rift in the earth's crust, through which the Zambezi River flows eastward towards the Indian Ocean. Over time, volcanic soil deposits have enriched the vegetation, and meandering river channels have formed oxbow lakes. The park's secluded lodges blend harmoniously into the treeline, sharing the space with elephants, leopards, and an array of woodland birds. Safari lodges offer a personal safari experience in a wild African setting.
The Dry season, from May to October, is the best time for safari game viewing in Lower Zambezi. Animals congregate near the river, and the thinner bush makes wildlife spotting easier. The prime viewing period is between July and October. During the Wet season (November to April), animals disperse, and elephants seek higher ground away from the main game-drive areas. Lower Zambezi can be experienced on game drives, walking safaris, or popular cruises and canoe safari adventures.
Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park is a small yet impressive reserve, encompassing the renowned Victoria Falls World Heritage National Monument Site and Mosi-oa-Tunya Game Park. The park showcases the magnificent Victoria Falls, the largest expanse of falling water in the world, while also offering an exciting safari experience with Zambia's only white rhinos. It serves as an excellent introduction to Zambia's wildlife, featuring elephants, buffalo, giraffes, and plains zebras. With rewarding wildlife viewing year-round, including a chance to track white rhinos on foot, and over 350 bird species, the park is a paradise for nature enthusiasts. The best time to witness the awe-inspiring Victoria Falls is during the months of January, February, June, and August.
North Luangwa National Park is an untamed wilderness and a remarkable walking destination in the wildlife-rich Luangwa Valley. The park's large area, coupled with its few small bush camps, provides a remote and undisturbed African safari experience. Massive buffalo herds, elephants, and sightings of lions and spotted hyenas are likely, with the possibility of encountering rare African-painted wolves. Notably, black rhinos have been successfully reintroduced, and special species such as Crawshay's zebra and Cookson's wildebeest can also be found here, along with puku, impala, Lichtenstein's hartebeest, sable antelope, eland, and the majestic greater kudu. Avid birders will find North Luangwa National Park a haven, with over 410 recorded species. North Luangwa’s focus on walking safaris is ideal for quality birding experiences, with highlights including nesting colonies of southern carmine bee-eaters along riverbanks. Due to its remote location and limited infrastructure, North Luangwa safaris are only conducted during the Dry season, from June to October, and safaris visits during the Wet season are nearly impossible.
Kasanka National Park is the only privately managed national park in Zambia and is operated by the Kasanka Trust, with proceeds supporting conservation and local communities. At 450 km² / 280mi², Kasanka is not only one of Zambia’s smallest protected areas but also one of the most unusual. The main attraction is the annual bat migration, where over 10 million fruit bats fill the sky at sunset. This is the largest migration of mammals anywhere in the world. Kasanka safaris include sightings of elephants, buffalos, and various antelope species like puku, bushbuck, and the elusive sitatunga antelope. Kasanka boasts an impressive 470 bird species, including rarities like Pel’s fishing owl and the shoebill. The best time to witness the bat migration is between October and December. Kasanka National Park offers various activities such as walks, game drives, canoe trips, and cycling excursions, providing diverse experiences for visitors throughout the year.
Liuwa Plain National Park in western Zambia holds a significant place in Africa's conservation history. Dating back to the 19th century, the King of Barotseland entrusted the custodianship of the reserve to his people, a sentiment that continues today. The coexistence between the local community and wildlife is a testament to the shared benefits within the park. Liuwa hosts the continent's second-largest wildebeest migration which, involving around 35,000 wildebeest and thousands of zebras, is a breathtaking spectacle. Liuwa Plain National Park has been managed by African Parks since 2003. Liuwa Plain National Park stands out with its natural beauty, flooded Zambezi floodplains, and abundant wildlife, including wildebeest, zebra, predators like hyenas, lions, and cheetahs, and a variety of antelope species, as well as over 350 bird species. The best time to visit Liuwa Plains National Park is from August to December.
Luambe National Park, another lesser-known safari destination, is located between North and South Luangwa National Parks. The 254 km² / 158mi² reserve offers a secluded safari bush retreat. Luambe Camp, the park's sole accommodation, provides an intimate experience with just four safari tents overlooking the Luangwa River. The park hosts a range of species, including elephants, buffalo, diverse antelope species, and a congregation of hippos, and crocodiles. With over 300 bird species recorded, Luambe is a haven for birdwatchers. Luambe focuses on bird watching, and opportunities to join the Luambe Conservation Project researchers make for a unique experience. Luambe Camp operates from June to October during the Dry season.
Lochinvar National Park is located on the southern edge of the vast swampy Kafue Flats. The 428 km² parks is fed by the Kafue River and is a renowned birding destination, particularly around Chunga Lagoon where waterbirds thrive. The park is home to large herds of the endemic Kafue lechwe, offering good sightings of these water-loving antelope. With over 420 bird species recorded, Lochinvar National Park is primarily a birding destination. The best time for bird-watching is during the Wet season from December to April, when floodplains fill with water and migrant birds settle in, displaying their breeding plumage. The absence of major predators makes it safe to explore the park on foot, and observe waders and water-associated birds at Chunga Lagoon.
Blue Lagoon National Park, often overlooked, is 500 km² of birdwatching paradise. The park forms part of the Kafue Flats alongside Lochinvar National Park. The Wet season transforms the vast and flat seasonal floodplain into a stunning wetland teeming with birdlife. A drive along the causeway offers remarkable views of the marshy plains, with a stilted viewing platform providing a bird's eye perspective of the Kafue lechwe and the elusive sitatunga. Blue Lagoon is primarily a birding destination, best visited from November to April when migrants are present and many birds are in breeding plumage. While not a stand-alone destination, a detour to Blue Lagoon National Park is worthwhile for bird enthusiasts and those traveling between Lusaka and Kafue National Park.
Bangweulu, situated in northeastern Zambia, is home to a remarkable ecosystem that encompasses one of Africa's most significant wetlands. Another important African Parks project, Bangweulu spans an impressive 6,000 km² within a 9,850 km² region. The Bangweulu Wetlands showcase diverse landscapes including floodplains, grasslands, woodlands, and swamps fed by several rivers. Bangweulu Wetlands are unique in developing a sustainable conservation model that supports the local community that relies on the wetlands for survival, as well as supporting the rare wildlife like cheetahs and shoebills. Bangweulu has been designated as a “Wetland of International Importance”, and birdwatching here is exceptional. Visitors exploring Bangweulu Wetlands on safari can engage with the local communities, witness sustainable livelihood projects, and explore attractions like Shoebill Island Camp. Additionally, Bangweulu holds historical significance as the burial place of Dr. David Livingstone, who died there on the 1st of May 1873.
Zambia is renowned for its iconic attraction, Victoria Falls, the largest sheet of falling water in the world. Also known as 'Mosi-oa-Tunya' or the Smoke that Thunders, this natural wonder stretches over 1,708 meters (5,604 ft) long, is over 100m high, and is recognized as one of the World's Seven Natural Wonders and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In recent years, due to the political unrest in Zimbabwe, there has been a notable shift of tourists towards the Zambian side of Victoria Falls. This has led to the establishment of excellent hotels and lodges along the Zambezi River, as well as the emergence of adventure companies catering to thrill-seekers who flock to this extraordinary destination.
Victoria Falls offers more than just the awe-inspiring sight of millions of liters of water cascading past you every second. This remarkable destination also provides a plethora of adventure activities to satisfy thrill-seekers. Popular activities to include in Victoria Falls tours range from exhilarating helicopter and microlight flights over the Falls, to heart-pumping adventures such as seasonal white-water rafting, gorge swinging, bungee jumping, zip-lining, and unforgettable canoe safaris along the Zambezi River. For the daring, there's even the opportunity for seasonal swimming in Devil's Pool, right on the edge of the waterfall!
Zambia’s capital city is Lusaka, and while it is one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, is not known as a tourist destination, Livingstone, on the other hand, is a mecca for adventure lovers.
Lusaka, the capital and largest city in Zambia, retains an authentic African atmosphere with its bustling streets, markets, and a mix of Soviet-like high-rise buildings, and modern commerce. Lusaka's markets, such as the Arcades Shopping Center, Town Center Market, and Lusaka City Market, provide opportunities to experience the lively atmosphere and find local souvenirs. The National Museum showcases contemporary Zambian art and cultural history and has an interesting wing dedicated to witchcraft. Banks, bureau de change, and shopping malls are scattered throughout the city, and getting around by mini-bus taxis or hotel-arranged transport is the norm. Major hotels and international car rental agencies provide airport transfers and transportation options. Lusaka may not offer traditional tourist attractions, but exploring the city through a guided tour is recommended to get a feel for this rapidly growing African city.
Livingstone Town, named after Dr. David Livingstone, is a charming settlement that was once the capital of Northern Rhodesia. Established in 1905, it thrived as a major European immigrant settlement near the Zambezi River. Although the capital moved to Lusaka in 1935, Livingstone remains a popular base for exploring the nearby Victoria Falls and enjoying the tranquility of the Zambezi River. The town offers a range of adventure activities, including river boarding, white-water rafting, canoeing, horse-riding trails, and boat cruises. Visitors can also explore the Livingstone Museum, which showcases the country's history, archaeology, art, and natural history. For railway enthusiasts, the Railway Museum displays Zambia's railway heritage. The stunning Zambezi sunsets can be enjoyed on a river cruise, offering sightings of wildlife such as hippos, crocodiles, elephants, and giraffes. Walking tours are available to explore the colonial architecture and unique history of Livingstone, and the town is also home to an 18-hole golf course, a crocodile park, and vibrant markets where visitors can find Zambian crafts and souvenirs. Livingstone provides a quieter and less touristy experience compared to Victoria Falls Town in Zimbabwe, making it an ideal destination for travelers seeking both adventure and relaxation.
The best time to visit Zambia is during the dry season, which spans from May to October. This period offers excellent wildlife viewing opportunities and pleasant daytime temperatures, although September and October can be extremely hot. The country has a sub-tropical climate characterized by two distinct seasons: the dry winter months and the rainy summer season.
From December to April, Zambia experiences the rainy season, also known as the Green Season. During this time, the landscape becomes lush and vibrant, but game viewing can be more challenging due to dense vegetation, and animals moving away from dry-season water sources. Zambia’s rainy season is, however, an excellent time for birding, and photography.
Zambia experiences distinct seasons with varying weather patterns throughout the year. Due to its location in the tropics, Zambia experiences warm weather, yet elevation keeps temperatures pleasant. The Dry season, divided into cooler and hotter periods, offers pleasant conditions for wildlife viewing. In contrast, the Wet season brings abundant rainfall and challenging road conditions. Understanding Zambia's weather is essential for planning the best time to visit this diverse and beautiful African safari country.
Zambia's Dry season is divided into a cooler period from May to August and a hotter period in September and October. These are Zambia’s winter months, and there is minimal rainfall and low humidity. Wildlife gathers around water sources as animals seek hydration. May marks the end of summer with cool mornings around 11°C/52°F and pleasant afternoons at 25°C/77°F. June, July, and August have chilly mornings around 10°C/50°F, while afternoons are generally pleasant at 23°C/73°F, though lower-altitude parks may be hotter. As the season progresses, temperatures rise, and September and October can be quite hot, with daytime temperatures around 31°C/88°F and temperatures in lower-lying parks occasionally exceeding 40°C/104°F.
The Wet season in Zambia occurs from November to April. These are the summer months in Zambia. The high rainfall in these months means challenging road conditions, which in turn results in the closure of many camps in parks such as Kafue and Lower Zambezi. November is often unpredictable, but typically experiences some afternoon rain, with temperatures ranging from 18°C/64°F in the morning, to 29°C/84°F in the afternoon. December to March are the wettest months, featuring heavy downpours in the afternoon and high humidity. Afternoon temperatures during this period are around 26°C/78°F. In April, both rainfall and humidity decrease as the season transitions.
The Mfuwe section of South Luangwa can be visited year-round. Lusaka, the capital city, has a climate similar to the higher areas of central and southern Zambia, while South Luangwa and Lower Zambezi National Parks have considerably hotter temperatures. The average monthly temperatures in Zambia remain above 20°C over most of the country for the majority of the year making it an ideal country to visit from a weather perspective.
When planning your Africa safari to Zambia, there are a few factors that will affect the cost of your trip. Safari decisions that you will need to make, will hinge around the duration of your trip, group size, level of comfort, transport, and the season you choose to travel in. Africa Budget Safaris offers 71 safari tours to Zambia, that range from US$ 1532 to US$ 9886 per person. Generally speaking, the 3 factors that will affect your safari budget the most are exclusivity, comfort, and speed.
Safari exclusivity pertains to the number of people on your trip. African Budget Safaris specializes in small-group private safaris that cater to safari groups of between 6 and 12 people. The fewer people, the more intimate the experience, but also the higher the price. By traveling in a larger group, the costs of your safari will be shared by more people, thus lowering individual expenses. Safari comfort refers to accommodation and can be split into the two broad categories of lodge safari vs camping safaris. Lodges bring more comfort and a higher cost, whereas camping is seen as the more budget-friendly option. Finally, speed in Africa comes at a premium. It is possible to do fly-in safaris but this will drive your safari cost up. The most budget-friendly safari option is to sign up for a 57-day, overland camping safari with 29 other intrepid adventurers. This will bring you under US$ 150 per day. A 4 to 6-day small group lodge safari, on the other hand, will come in at around the US$ 500 per day mark.
Zambia offers a range of safari options to suit different budgets. Budget safaris start from around US$ 150 per person per day for an overland camping safari, while mid-range safaris start at around US$ 400 per person per day. For those seeking luxury, top-end safaris range from between US$ 500 and US$ 800 per person per day. These prices are broad ranges and are meant as a basic guideline. African Budget Safaris has over 70 safari packages that travel to Zambia. For accurate prices and up-to-date deals, contact African Budget Safaris.
Zambia is a land-locked country that shares borders with Angola, DRC, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia. It is possible to enter Zambia overland through all of these countries, however, most safari visitors choose to fly. The below information was accurate at the time of writing but international routes are subject to change, and it is best to talk with your travel agent in your country of origin for up-to-date travel information.
Zambia's primary airport is Kenneth Kaunda International Airport (LUN), located just 14 km/9 mi from the capital city of Lusaka. However, if your safari includes a visit to Victoria Falls, you will likely fly in or out of Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport (LVI), near Livingstone, and Victoria Falls. Direct flights to Kenneth Kaunda International Airport in Lusaka are available from countries such as Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Qatar, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, and Zimbabwe. For Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport in Livingstone, direct flights are offered from Kenya and various cities in South Africa.
The most convenient overland routes to enter Zambia are from Zimbabwe, which has good connections to South Africa. It is also easy to drive to Livingstone from Namibia's Caprivi Strip, northern Botswana from Kasane, Malawi, and southwestern Tanzania. Keep in mind that main border centers like Zimbabwe and Botswana can have heavy traffic with freight trucks and coaches, so plan enough time for the crossings, as they can take several hours. Make sure you have all the necessary paperwork and fees ready, preferably in cash and with the exact amount, to expedite the process.
Zambia is a large country with significant distances between safari destinations. During the rainy season, roads can be challenging. Though it is possible to travel by bus, train, or 4x4, the easiest and safest way to get around is by air. Generally speaking, transfers will be arranged as a part of your Zambia safari tour package, and game drives will be conducted in open-sided 4x4 safari vehicles.
Zambia has a comprehensive network of domestic and international airports, including Lusaka, Ndola, Mfuwe, and Livingstone. These airports are served by multiple airlines, like Proflight and Zambia Airways, which operate scheduled domestic flights, while small charter flights are commonly used to travel between parks on safari, usually organized through your tour operator.
Minibus taxis are the most widely used form of public transport in Zambia, although standards of cleanliness and safety can vary. Cabs are available for hire in larger cities, but they may not always be metered, so it's important to negotiate the rate upfront. It is advisable to carry small denominations of US dollars or kwacha for payment. Formal chauffeur and transfer services are also available, often linked to hotels and lodges. Long-range buses depart regularly from Lusaka to other towns, including inter-country services to Harare in Zimbabwe and Johannesburg in South Africa. Traveling by bus can be slow, and it's recommended to check the departure schedules.
Zambia Safari Vehicles & Travel by Road
Zambia has an extensive road network consisting of trunk roads, main roads, and district roads. Trunk and main roads are typically tarred, while district roads can vary from partially paved to gravel and dirt. The government administers toll gates, so it's recommended to carry cash in low denominations to pay the tolls. During the rainy season from November to April, many dirt tracks become waterlogged and are challenging/impossible to navigate.
When visiting Zambia on safari, most safari operators provide specially designed 4x4 vehicles that are equipped to handle the diverse terrains of the national parks and game reserves. These vehicles are spacious, comfortable, and typically open-sided, offering excellent visibility for wildlife viewing. Your Africa safari experience will be enhanced by experienced guides, who have extensive knowledge of the wildlife and ecosystems.
Zambia is a large African country, and the distances between safari destinations can be great. Because of its centrality, I have used Lusaka as the primary point of departure. For interest, as many visitors have Victoria Falls as a bucket list item, I have included travel times and distances from Livingstone.
Lusaka and Livingstone are 485 km / 301 mi apart, which will take around 8 hours to drive while flying between the two will take 1 hour.
The 354 km / 220 mi between Lusaka and Kafue is between a 4 and 6.5 hr drive. From Livingstone, Kafue is 679 km and an approximately an 11-hour drive. Some safaris to Kafue do charter flights, and these will be arranged or can be included in your package.
Lusaka to South Luangwa is a 10-hour drive, while Livingstone is 1058 km from South Luangwa, and to drive this distance will take around 20 hours.
The 168 km, between Lusaka and Lower Zambezi will take about 2.5 hrs to drive. From Livingstone to Lower Zambezi is 653 km, and an over 10-hour drive.
Lusaka to Liuwa will take over 10 hours to drive 669 km. From Livingstone, Liuwa Plain is 578 km and just under an 11-hour drive.
Driving from Lusaka to Kasanka is an 8-hour drive. From Livingstone, Kasanka is a 999 km and a 16-hour drive.
When packing for your Zambia safari, consider what time of year you are visiting, where you are going, and what the luggage restrictions are on your chosen transport. Don’t forget, many hotels and lodges have same-day laundry services to help you along the way.
When packing for your Zambia safari, remember that safari flights will limit your luggage to about 20kg / 44 lbs. Paying careful attention to your packing list of lightweight but sensible items is key. When packing for a Zambia safari, think in layers. From cool mornings to hot days, natural fabrics like linen and cotton are favorable. Long sleeve shirts with collars are great for sun and insect protection, and a comfortable, lightweight fleece with a hard or soft shell should do the trick for cooler mornings and evenings. Zambia is famous for walking safaris; good comfortable shoes are essential. For time spent in camps and lodges, a pair of slip-slops or Crocs can be a comfortable addition.
Color-wise, you should try and keep your palette to natural hues like beige, greens, browns, and khakis. You want to avoid black/navy, white, camo, or anything bright. White gets grubby very quickly, black gets very hot and attracts mosquitoes, and tsetse flies, and bright colors like yellow or red frighten animals and attract all sorts of insects like bees.
Zambia in general is casual but conservative. Aside from the occasional smart-casual dress code for certain restaurants and hotels, jeans and t-shirts are acceptable with a little bit of extra modesty around cultural centers and places of worship. When visiting towns and villages, women should consider dressing modestly in long skirts and keeping their shoulders covered. Beach wear and bathing suits are acceptable at your safari resort accommodation.
Zambia has two distinct seasons. The rainy season is from November to April and the dry season is from May to October. The best safari months are May to October when it is easier to get around on dirt tracks, and the wildlife viewing is better. The dry season is also better for water sports like fishing and whitewater rafting. The wet season sees many lodges close due to impassable roads. However, there are some exceptions, and those who venture to Zambia at this time will be rewarded by the emerald season’s lush vegetation and remarkable birdlife. Our month-by-month Zambia safari guide is a rough guide. While we try to be as accurate as possible, shifting weather patterns do make the weather difficult to predict.
January is the peak of Zambia's summer rainy season, which is often considered the least favorable time to visit. The heavy downpours render the roads impassable, cause rivers to overflow, and lead many camps and lodges to close temporarily. Daytime temperatures average around 30°C, with nights at approximately 20°C across the country. In South Luangwa National Park, however, there are exceptional fly-in boat safaris from late January to April when the Luangwa River allows exploration of its flooded woodland areas. The rainy season offers excellent bird-watching opportunities, although it comes with an abundance of insects.
February in Zambia is characterized by short, intense afternoon thunderstorms, swollen rivers, and washed-out roads, making it a challenging time to visit unless staying at specialist lodges that operate throughout the season. South Luangwa National Park offers extraordinary boat safaris during this period. It is one of the few parks with driveable game-viewing roads during the rainy season. The calving season provides sightings of young animals. Birding is excellent, and the Zambezi River reaches its peak flow, creating a spectacular display at Victoria Falls. The Devil's Pool swim is typically closed in February, and white-water rafting is limited to lower sections of rapids.
Although the rainy season begins to wind down, March still sees abundant rain, especially in the north. Water levels remain high across the country, making road exploration challenging. However, South Luangwa National Park offers fly-in safaris along the swollen Luangwa River, providing a unique experience for photographers and birders. Victoria Falls, now in full flow, showcases its awe-inspiring power with heavy mist and spray, making helicopter and light aircraft flights the best way to appreciate the stunning views.
April is an excellent budget safari month in Zambia, with drier weather, pleasant temperatures, and lower rates. While not prime for game-viewing, it's ideal for photography, and experiencing the greener side of Southern Africa without heavy rainfall. Birding and boat safaris are accessible by fly-in tours. The Kuomboka Ceremony takes place in Zambia's Western Province, showcasing the local Lozi people's annual move to higher ground. Victoria Falls is in full flood, offering a spectacular experience, but activities like white-water rafting and swimming in the Devil's Pool may be limited due to high water levels.
May is a stunning safari month in Zambia, with lush vegetation and Victoria Falls at its peak flow. Southern camps and lodges reopen after the rainy season. Vegetation is thick making game viewing challenging, but guided game drives still offer great sightings. May also brings comfortable temperatures, the opportunity for walking safaris in the Luangwa Valley, and shoulder season discounts. In May, river fishing is good, shoebills can be spotted in the Bangweulu Wetlands, and leopard sightings are promising in the twilight hours. Guided evening and night drives in South Luangwa provide the best chance to spot these elusive predators.
June is the beginning of Zambia's peak safari season, offering pleasant temperatures, and excellent game viewing. The Luangwa Valley is a mecca for walking safaris, with clear skies and thinning vegetation. The Bangweulu Wetlands showcase the rare shoebill and the emergence of black lechwe herds. In northern Kafue and Liuwa Plain National Park, self-driving is possible as the rivers subside, making it an ideal time for fishing. While Victoria Falls is in high flow, white-water rafting is not yet recommended. However, guided walks to Livingstone Island are usually available by the end of the month.
July to October is the peak season for game viewing in Zambia, with the best opportunities to spot wildlife due to thinning vegetation. Although temperatures average around 25°C during the day in the south, chilly nights require warm layers for early morning activities. The dry conditions make July ideal for travel, as most dirt roads have dried and hardened. Self-driving is possible across the country, while fly-ins remain a comfortable option. White-water rafting opens in late July, providing thrilling experiences on the Zambezi River. The Devil's Pool swim may not be accessible until August, but Victoria Falls offers impressive views with less spray.
August is a prime month for safaris in Zambia, characterized by cool, dry weather and thinning vegetation that enhances wildlife viewing. Animals congregate near permanent water sources as pools dry up, attracting a variety of birds, including marabou storks. The month is ideal for walking safaris, and both fly-in and self-drive safaris are popular across Zambia's parks. August is a favorable time for white-water rafting on the Zambezi, and swimming in the Devil's Pool near Victoria Falls as water levels decrease.
In September, Zambia experienced increased heat and water scarcity, leading to intensified competition among animals for resources. Predators and prey alike gather near rivers, resulting in more frequent lion sightings. Daytime temperatures can reach 35°C, with nightly lows between 15°C and 20°C. In Liuwa Plain National Park, wildebeest begin to appear, although not in the large herds seen later in October and November. September is still a prime time for fishing in Zambia, and lodges often provide swimming pools for guests to cool off. Early mornings offer a pleasant environment for walking safaris, as vegetation transitions into golden grasslands. White-water rafting on the Zambezi River becomes exciting, with the opportunity to navigate the full set of rapids below Victoria Falls. Swimming in Devil's Pool, situated on the edge of the falls, provides a thrilling experience with breathtaking views of the gorge.
October safari season in Zambia is extremely hot, particularly in low-lying regions like the Luangwa and Zambezi valleys where temperatures can surpass 40°C in the shade. Livingstone and Victoria Falls offer relief through white-water rafting, which provides a refreshing escape from the heat. Lake Kariba is an ideal destination for fishing giant tigerfish. The crocodile nesting season begins in October, offering opportunities to observe these reptiles on land. As water sources shrink, large groups of hippos congregate in diminishing pools, leading to boisterous interactions. The riverbanks teem with herbivores, buffalo herds, and thirsty elephants, while lions seek shade near water during the day. In Liuwa Plain National Park, wildebeest gather in preparation for their migration in November and December. Victoria Falls experiences reduced water flow, but activities like white-water rafting and visiting the Devil's Pool remain popular.
November is the transitional "shoulder" season in Zambia, with unpredictable weather and lodge closures. The onset of the rainy season varies, starting in the north and gradually moving south. Lodges with fly-in access are more likely to remain open, but many close by mid-November as dirt roads become impassable. The hot temperatures persist, reaching around 40°C, until thunderstorms bring relief. The land rejuvenates with flowering baobabs, budding mopane trees, and the arrival of migrant birds in their breeding plumage. November is known for two wildlife phenomena: Liuwa Plain National Park's wildebeest migration, and Kasanka National Park's fruit bat migration. Visiting Victoria Falls may lack substantial water flow, but white-water rafting, guided walks, and swimming in the Devil's Pool are still possible.
December marks the beginning of Zambia's rainy season, with cooler temperatures but still hot and humid conditions. Heavy rainstorms turn dirt roads into mud, causing many camps and lodges without fly-in access to close. However, those that remain open often offer lower rates. Bird enthusiasts will enjoy the return of migrant species and the start of the breeding season. Grazers thrive in the resurgent grasses, while elephants and buffalo become more elusive as they move away from the rivers. River fishing is prohibited, but fishing is still possible on Lake Tanganyika and Lake Kariba. Houseboating on Lake Kariba provides a scenic experience in the midst of thunderstorms and grumbling hippos. While water levels at Victoria Falls are low, white-water rafting is still available, and trips to Livingstone Island and the Devil's Pool are accessible by planning a visit to Zimbabwe.
Zambia, named after the Zambezi River, is a landlocked country that shares borders with the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola. Covering 752,000 km², Zambia is roughly the size of France, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Switzerland combined. The majority of the country consists of a high plateau, with an average elevation of between 1060 and 1363 meters above sea level. Isolated mountain ridges and the Nyika Plateau add further variation to the landscape.
The land gradually slopes southward from the Congo/Zambezi divide in the north to the Zambezi depression in the south. Zambia's plateau is intersected by the vast valleys of the Upper Zambezi and its primary tributaries, such as the Kafue and Luangwa Rivers. These rivers, characterized by waterfalls and rapids, are not ideal for transportation but offer opportunities for hydroelectric projects and thrilling white water rafting adventures. While the northern and Luapula Provinces are part of the Congo basin, the rest of Zambia lies on the watershed between the Congo and Zambezi River systems. The country is home to significant natural lakes, including Bangweulu, Mweru, and the southern section of Lake Tanganyika, which serve as headwaters for the Congo River.
Spanning the southern border, Lake Kariba is the largest man-made lake in Africa and the second largest in the world. It stretches approximately 280 km in length and reaches a maximum width of 40 km. These diverse water bodies, along with the Zambezi River, contribute to Zambia's abundant natural resources and play a significant role in its economy and tourism industry.
Zambia, officially known as the Republic of Zambia, is situated in South-Central Africa at the crossroads of Central, Southern, and East Africa. The capital city is Lusaka, located in the south-central part of the country, which is also the main population and economic center.
The history of Zambia involves the migration of Bantu-speaking people in the thirteenth century and subsequent colonization by the British in the late nineteenth century. The region was divided into British protectorates until 1911 when Northern Rhodesia was formed. After achieving independence from the United Kingdom on 24 October 1964, Kenneth Kaunda became the country's first president. Zambia was initially governed by Kaunda's socialist United National Independence Party (UNIP) and later transitioned to a multi-party state in 1991, experiencing peaceful transitions of power.
Zambia's economy is largely dependent on its rich natural resources. The country is renowned for its copper reserves, which have played a significant role in shaping its economy. In fact, Zambia was once the world's largest producer of copper. Over the years, efforts have been made to diversify the economy, leading to the growth of other sectors such as agriculture, mining - including gemstones like emeralds - manufacturing, and tourism. Agriculture is an important sector, employing a significant portion of the population and contributing to food security. The tourism industry, with attractions like Victoria Falls and national parks, has shown potential for further development.
The country has made significant economic reforms and has been recognized by the World Bank as one of the world's fastest economically reformed nations. Lusaka serves as the headquarters of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), reflecting Zambia's regional significance. The country continues to strive for socio-economic development, government decentralization, and the promotion of a multi-party political system. Zambia is considered to be one of Southern Africa’s most stable countries.
Visa requirements for Zambia are categorized into three levels:
Visa on arrival: Some nationalities have the option to obtain a visa upon arrival in Zambia, eliminating the need to arrange one before traveling. Simply ensure you meet the requirements and have the necessary documentation. These countries include Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, France, Netherlands, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA. (this list is not exhaustive, and you should check with your local travel expert)
Visa-exempt: Certain nationalities do not require a visa at all to enter Zambia, provided they have a valid return ticket and sufficient funds to support their stay. Check if your nationality falls under this category to streamline your travel preparations.
Advance visa arrangement: For certain nationalities, it is necessary to arrange a visa prior to traveling to Zambia. This involves submitting a visa application in advance to ensure entry into the country. These countries include but are not limited to Azerbaijan, India, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, North Korea, and the Philippines. Be sure to check the specific requirements and allow sufficient time for visa processing.
Consult with your travel advisor for up-to-date visa requirements based on your nationality before embarking on your Zambian safari.
Zambia is generally a safe and hospitable country, with locals known for their friendliness towards visitors. However, the country is poor, and it is important to be aware and exercise caution in busy urban areas to avoid pick-pocketing and opportunistic theft. By taking simple precautions you can greatly reduce the risks. Violent crime is rare, particularly if you are on an all-inclusive safari and staying in reputable lodges and hotels, providing further peace of mind.
Zambia is a tropical destination and does require some preparation. In general, it is recommended that you get routine vaccinations for typhoid, polio, tetanus, and yellow fever. It is important to visit your local travel clinic well before your departure date and find out what vaccinations are required. This is a changing landscape and does require forward planning.
Zambia is a malaria region, especially during the rainy season. However, prophylactics are both effective and accessible in your home country. In addition to malaria prophylactics, we recommend traveling with effective mosquito repellent. Consult with your local travel clinic well before your departure dates.
Sadly, Zambia does have a high rate of HIV infection at around 11%, which is lower than Botswana, South Africa, and Mozambique. This is not usually an issue for travelers visiting on an African safari, but it is good to be aware of the facts.
Zambia's currency is the Zambian Kwacha, but US Dollars are widely accepted at lodges and hotels across the country. High commissions may be charged for credit card payments, especially around Victoria Falls, and some remote lodges may have limited credit card processing capabilities. It is recommended to check with your Africa Safari Expert before your departure. Safaris in Zambia are typically fully inclusive, covering game drives, guided walks, meals, and drinks (excluding premium brand alcohol and imported liquors).
Tipping in Zambia is discretionary, and as a general guideline, we suggest giving around US $10 per person per day to your ranger and tracker, and US $25 to be divided among the other lodge staff. In restaurants, some places may include a service charge in the bill, but if not, a standard tip of 10% is customary.
Here are some useful tips to keep in mind when visiting Zambia:
When navigating busy urban areas, especially tourist areas like Victoria Falls, it is important to follow these simple guidelines:
Avoid displaying expensive items such as cameras and mobile phones openly, and refrain from wearing flashy jewelry.
Keep your cash separated, carrying only a small amount for daily expenses. Avoid revealing your entire stash of money for minor transactions.
Stay away from walking alone in touristy areas, especially at night.
Project confidence and avoid looking lost, even if you are unfamiliar with the surroundings. Seek out reputable establishments and ask for directions.
If you have a vehicle, do not leave valuable items visible on the seats, and never leave it unattended if you have equipment attached to the outside.
When in urban areas, avoid parking on the streets at night. Instead, find secure parking within city limits.
While visiting a foreign country, it’s good practice to have photocopies of all your travel documents tucked away safely in your luggage, in addition to digital copies.
While we try to supply accurate information, it is always a good idea to get up-to-date travel information from your local travel agent.
Use the Google map to explore Zambia.
Wild Zambia Safari Adventure to remote Kasanka, Bangweulu Wetlands, North & South Luangwa National Park. A small group tour camping wild and staying at lodges.
Trip Style Zambia Budget Safari Packages
An well-priced 9-day Zambia Safari to Lower Zambezi & South Luangwa National Parks for Zambezi River adventures, 4x4 game drives and Zambia walking safaris.
Trip Style Zambia Budget Safari Packages
A great 6-Day Malawi & Zambia Safari to Zambia's South Luangwa National Park in Luangwa Valley and a scenic island on Lake Malawi.
Trip Style Zambia Private Safaris