Uganda, the 'Pearl of Africa,' has long captivated the imaginations of explorers and travelers alike. It is the home of the Ruwenzori Mountains, the fabled mountains of the moon, the Nile River’s Murchinson Falls, and the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. In Winston Churchill’s 1908 book, My African Journey, he immortalized the moniker 'the Pearl of Africa' and today his description remains as apt as ever.
What sets Uganda apart as an African safari destination is that 20% of the country lies in protected areas. Uganda’s wildlife reserves include the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park, the Queen Elizabeth National Park, the Murchison Falls National Park, the Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, and the Kibale National Park to mention only a few. These Uganda national parks preserve pristine landscapes that remain untouched and teem with wildlife. The diversity of wildlife in Uganda is staggering, providing visitors with unparalleled African safari experiences that are truly exceptional.
Gorilla trekking is Uganda’s top safari experience. Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park and Mgahinga National Park are places where Uganda's rain forests flourish and these unique and ancient environments hold their own enchantments. Between them, Bwindi and Mgahinga safeguard more than half of the world's total population of mountain gorillas, making them not only sought-after gorilla trekking destinations but also important conservation enclaves.
While Uganda gorilla trekking is the top safari activity, this East African country has much more to offer. Experience chimpanzee trekking in Kibale, and some exceptional Big 4 safaris at Queen Elizabeth National Park – famous for tree climbing lions, Murchinson Falls National Park – with large herds of elephants, and the remote and rugged Kidepo Valley National Park – for wildlife unique in Uganda, caracal, cheetah, and aardwolf.
Uganda is one of East Africa’s most popular safari destinations. More affordable gorilla trekking, chimpanzee trekking, tree climbing lions, savanna big game, and breathtaking scenery, all combine to make Uganda an enticing African safari choice. Add to this friendly and welcoming locals, fascinating culture, and mouth-watering cuisine, and Uganda is an excellent budget safari destination.
For magnificence, for variety of form and color, for profusion of brilliant life — bird, insect, reptile, beast — for vast scale — Uganda is truly the ‘Pearl of Africa’.” - Winston Churchill
- Mountain gorilla trekking in Bwindi Forest
- Chimpanzee Trekking in Kibale Forest
- Golden monkeys on the slopes of the Virunga Mountains
- Tree climbing lions in Queen Elizabeth National Park
- Kazinga Channel Boat Cruise offers rewarding game viewing and bird watching
- Breathtaking scenery and natural beauty that makes Uganda the ’Pearl of Africa’.
- Visit the Rwenzori Mountains UNESCO world heritage site for waterfalls, lakes, rivers, forests, and glaciers.
- Adventure on boat cruises, hikes, mountain bikes, and horseback safaris
- Fewer crowds and a more relaxed atmosphere
- Uganda gorilla trekking combines easily with other East Africa Safari destinations like Masai Mara, the Serengeti, and Zanzibar
- African cultural experiences like meeting the Batwa, and getting a taste of Uganda’s banana cuisine
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Uganda is full of amazing safari destinations to provide visitors with incredible and varied African safari experiences. Uganda’s best safari destinations are Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Kibale National Park, Queen Elizabeth National Park, and Murchinson Falls National Park. African Budget Safaris' top two safari destinations for Uganda are the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park for gorilla trekking, and Queen Elizabeth National Park for a traditional Big 4 wildlife safari experience with a twist - tree climbing lions.
Visiting the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest has been described as a mystical experience. One of Africa’s oldest ecosystems, Bwindi Forest is nestled within the great green expanse of the Rift Valley mountains, shared by Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This remarkable natural wonder is renowned as one of Africa's most bio-diverse forests, and as such, Bwindi is a UNESCO world heritage site. Bwindi – derived from the Runyakitara word Mubwindi meaning "a place full of darkness", is a sanctuary for the planet's largest population of mountain gorillas, which accounts for approximately half of the remaining wild mountain gorillas in the world.
Bwindi Impenetrable Forest is no one trick pony, however, and in addition to its famous mountain gorillas, the 330 km² park offers a treasure trove of biodiversity. The national park is home to 160 tree species, 120 mammals, 9 other species of primates, forest elephants, imposing forest hogs, a kaleidoscope of over 200 different butterfly species, 27 frogs, and almost 350 bird species that include 23 endemics. Even the most seasoned nature lovers will be spellbound by Bwindi's remarkable biodiversity.
Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park is an essential component of most Ugandan safari itineraries. Gorilla trekking in Bwindi is the main thing people come here to do and accommodation in the national park ranges from budget bungalows to high-end luxury lodges. Bwindi is Uganda’s top safari destination for a reason, and a guided gorilla trekking tour in Bwindi Forest promises epic gorilla encounters that benefit both conservation and the surrounding communities.
Amidst the captivating allure of gorilla and chimpanzee trekking, Queen Elizabeth National Park shines as a gem of classic savannah experiences on a Ugandan safari. Nestled in the picturesque southwest of Uganda, this 1,978 km² / 764 mi² national park claims its position as the country's premier game viewing destination and earns a place among the world's most biodiverse reserves, boasting an astonishing bird list featuring a staggering 610 species—surpassing the entire British Isles.
Queen Elizabeth National Park is not a Big 5 safari destination. Rhinos have been extinct in Uganda since the 1980s. However, while the park's tree-climbing lions take center stage in the realm of wildlife, Queen Elizabeth National Park has much more to offer. Wildlife in Queen Elizabeth National Park includes elephants, hippos, crocodiles, buffaloes, and a rich diversity of antelope species.
Yet, the park's real charm resides in its versatility, offering a diverse range of safari activities to cater to all interests. From game drives and nature walks to boat cruises along the meandering Kazinga Channel, and chimpanzee trekking in the lush Kyambura Gorge. There are twice-daily chimpanzee trekking excursions through this forested paradise, offering a delightful contrast to the savanna game viewing found elsewhere in this Uganda national park.
Queen Elizabeth National Park is popular on Ugandan safari itineraries. Part of the allure of Queen Elizabeth is the convenient proximity to Bwindi for gorilla trekking and Kibale for chimpanzee experiences. Accommodation options span the spectrum, from family-friendly lodges to secluded tented camps, ensuring an ideal match for diverse preferences. This park's multifaceted allure promises an enriching safari experience in the heart of Uganda's untamed wilderness.
Mgahinga Gorilla National Park lies in the Ugandan section of the Virunga Mountain range and includes the inactive Mount Muhabura, Mount Gahinga, and Mount Sabyinyo volcanoes. A small 34km² / 13mi² but compelling alternative to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park for Uganda gorilla trekking, Mgahinga is also an excellent destination for searching for rare golden monkeys. There is one habituated gorilla troop, the Nyakagazi group of mountain gorillas distinguished by the presence of four sibling silverbacks, in Mgahinga that has been a permanent resident in the park since 2013. There are only 8 permits available daily, but Mgahinga is never as busy as Bwindi, making it a good alternative. Exploring the national park, bushbuck and buffalo are commonplace, while more elusive residents include the golden cat, side-striped jackal, giant forest hog, bush pig, and even elephant.
Kibale Forest National Park is swiftly emerging as a must-visit gem in the heart of Uganda. Offering an immersive and educational journey into the heart of a tropical rainforest, the 766 km² / 296 mi² national park is alive with vibrant butterflies and forest birds. While sightings of large mammals are rare, Kibale boasts one of the highest concentrations of primates anywhere in Africa. Kibale Park is home to 12 primate species including chimpanzees, endangered red colobus, and L’Hoest’s monkeys. Together with the adjacent Queen Elizabeth National Park, Kibale forms a continuous forest and an important 180 km wildlife corridor that is becoming an ecotourism and African safari hotspot.
Murchison Falls National Park, sometimes known as Kabalega or Kabarega National Park, is rapidly gaining the attention of safari enthusiasts. Located near Lake Albert in the northwest of Uganda, the 3,893 km² / 1,503 mi² Murchison Falls National Park offers a quintessential savannah safari experience with a cast of familiar characters, including elephants, hippos, buffalo, giraffes, and an array of predators such as lions, leopards, spotted hyenas, and the occasional cheetah.
The highlight of Murchinson Falls National Park is the Victoria Nile, which divides the park into northern and southern halves. Here, the river dramatically narrows and surges through a mere 7-meter-wide fissure, creating the breathtaking Murchison Falls. A safari wouldn't be complete without a river cruise to witness this natural spectacle. On these excursions, not only can you marvel at the grandeur of the Falls, but you can also enjoy excellent wildlife viewing from the comfort of the boat, keeping an eye out for hippos and crocodiles, and over 500 bird species make for excellent birdwatching opportunities.
In addition to the traditional African safari animals, Murchison Falls National Park is also a haven for various primate species. Baboons and colobus monkeys are frequently encountered, but it's the chimpanzee troops that steal the show. The Rabongo Forest section and the nearby Bundongo Forest Reserve both offer chimpanzee trekking safaris, where you can observe chimpanzees up close in their natural habitat.
Budongo Forest encompasses two captivating ecotourism hubs: Kaniyo Pabidi and Busingiro. Located en route to Murchison Falls and forming a vital part of the expansive Murchison Falls Conservation Area, Kaniyo Pabidi is renowned for exceptional chimpanzee trekking experiences, while Busingiro is famous for Uganda’s premier bird-watching haven, the Royal Mile. Budongo’s top attraction is chimpanzee trekking with an experienced guide who will lead you through this impressive mahogany forest to spend time with these incredible primates. Other wildlife in Budongo includes black-and-white colobus, red-tailed monkeys, blue monkey, and olive baboons, as well as giant squirrels, checkered elephant shrews, and nocturnal rarities like tree pangolins, pottos, and galagos.
Situated midway between Uganda's capital city, Kampala, and the gorilla trekking forests of the southwestern region, the 370km² / 143mi² Lake Mburo National Park offers a serene and picturesque interlude for travelers traversing this well-worn path. While the park may lack the presence of heavyweight wildlife such as elephants, it has a blend of wetland and woodland ecosystems providing habitat for topi, duiker, oribi, buffalo, klipspringer, reedbuck, hippo, crocodile, Rothschild's giraffe which have been reintroduced, and a healthy leopard population. The national park is small and picturesque, a highlight being walking safaris.
Uganda safaris center around a well-traveled safari loop that begins at Entebbe International Airport. From here, tourists can overnight in Kampala or head directly to Lake Mburo National Park for a gentle introduction to Uganda that includes activities like game drives, horseback riding, and boat excursions. Below is a list of Uganda’s top attractions.
Gorilla trekking in Uganda is the headline act of experiencing the Pearl of Africa. The top destination for Uganda gorilla trekking is Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park, but Mgahinga Gorilla National Park offers an intimate alternative. The national parks are neighbors and between them host 15 gorilla groups, 2 in Mgahinga and the rest in Bwindi. Gorilla trekking in Uganda tends to be more strenuous, as the gorillas are deeper in the forest. That said, Uganda gorilla trekking permits are less than half the price of permits in Rwanda at only US$ 700. Read our comprehensive guide to gorilla trekking in Africa for more details.
Chimpanzee trekking in Uganda is also popular. Visitors to Uganda can track chimpanzees in Queen Elizabeth National Park (which has the benefit of offering a diverse experience with open savanna as well as forest biomes), Budongo Forest (a part of the Murchinson Falls National Park), and Kibale National Park which is by far the most popular. Chimpanzee trekking lasts between 2 and 3 hours with an hour spent watching a habituated troop.
Visiting Murchison Falls on the Victoria Nile is another Uganda safari highlight. This awe-inspiring waterfall squeezes through a 7m fissure creating Uganda’s most spectacular natural sights. The boat cruise up the Nile to see the falls is a must, and while in the Murchinson Falls National Park, guests will be able to see elephants, hippos, buffalo, giraffes, and an array of predators such as lions, leopards, spotted hyenas.
Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary, a collaborative project between Ziwa and the Uganda Wildlife Authority, is dedicated to restoring Uganda's rhinoceros population. The wildlife sanctuary serves as a secure breeding ground for rhinos, protecting them, and facilitating their gradual reintroduction into Uganda national parks. The 70 km² sanctuary, has 33 white rhinos as well as monkeys, antelopes, hippopotamuses, crocodiles, and various bird species. Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary has become a popular tourist stopover that offers a guest house, safari lodge, camping, a restaurant, birdwatching, game viewing, canoeing, and rhino-tracking activities.
Kidepo Valley National Park is situated in the far north of Uganda near the borders of South Sudan and Kenya's Northern Frontier District. For those willing to make the journey, this out-of-the-way Ugandan safari destination offers breathtaking landscapes of sprawling savannah and towering mountains. Home to an estimated 120 lions and a diverse array of wildlife, including large buffalo herds and elephants, Kidepo promises remarkable wildlife encounters. The national park's rich history, from being the playground of Idi Amin to the ancestral hunting grounds of the enigmatic Ik tribe, adds cultural intrigue to its natural wonders. Kidepo's isolation is part of its charm, and while accessibility has improved, it remains a remote and exclusive safari destination for those seeking Africa's untouched beauty.
Mount Elgon is a popular destination with outdoor enthusiasts and offers some exceptional hiking. Africa’s 8th highest peak, Mount Elgon, boasts unique high-altitude flora, rich birdlife, and the stunning Sipi Falls. Straddling the Kenya-Uganda border, this ancient volcano possesses the world's broadest base among freestanding mountains and once surpassed Kilimanjaro's lofty heights. Rising to 4,321 meters on the southwest caldera rim, Mount Elgon has many attractions including excellent hiking, the elephant-mined salt-lick at Kitum Cave, a visit to the picturesque Sipi Falls set amidst highland walking terrain, exceptional birdwatching at the Mount Elgon Forest Exploration Centre, and the remote allure of venturing off the beaten path and into this remarkable landscape.
The Rwenzori Mountains, often called the "Mountains of the Moon" are Africa's highest mountain range. Standing along Uganda’s border with the DRC, the Rwenzori Mountains reach impressive heights of up to 5,109 m. These majestic peaks are protected by the Rwenzori National Park, which offers opportunities for adventurous hikes and mountaineering expeditions. Treks vary from single-day adventures to multi-day ascents of Mount Stanley, Africa's third-highest summit. Along the way, you'll traverse diverse landscapes, including cloud forests, tropical rainforests, bamboo glades, dramatic valleys, and glacier-fed lakes. On the western side of the Rwenzori Mountains, adjacent to the DRC border, lies the secluded Semuliki National Park. Semuliki is remote and has poor infrastructure, but the park is home to a staggering 441 bird species, 40% of Uganda’s total bird list, making it Uganda's best birding destination. The national park is a birder's paradise with 46 Guinea-Congo biome species found only here. There are 5 species found in Semuliki that are endemic to the Albertine Rift ecosystem. Birds to look out for include the Congo serpent eagle, the lyre-tailed honey guide, the black-wattled hornbill, the Nkulengu Rail, and the yellow-throated cuckoo.
Kampala is Uganda’s largest city, the capital, and is home to over 1,680,000 people. While Kampala may not top the list of most travelers' itineraries, this bustling and vibrant city is well worth a visit if you have the time. Despite the heavily congested traffic Kampala was voted East Africa’s best city to live in in 2018 and has a lot to offer from museums, markets, and restaurants, to classic Ugandan culture and cuisine.
Explore fascinating slices of history, such as the Mengo Palace, once home to the Buganda king and housing Idi Amin's infamous underground prison. Dive into the cultural wealth of Kampala by visiting the Uganda Museum, visit the Old Kampala National Mosque which provides breathtaking panoramic views, or visit the serene Namirembe Cathedral. Kampala also offers art galleries, craft markets, traditional markets, and clothing boutiques. The city boasts an array of dining options, from street food and local delicacies to international fare, making it an East African culinary hotspot. Be sure to explore some of Uganda’s cultural cuisine and sample matooke or other banana-based dishes.
While traffic jams are a common issue, navigating the city with taxis, matatus (minivans), or even boda bodas (motorcycle taxis) can be dangerous, but also adventurous and efficient. When night falls, Kampala's nightlife truly comes to life, earning it the reputation of the party capital of East Africa, with an array of bars, clubs, and restaurants to enjoy. In a country known for its landscapes and wildlife, Kampala represents Uganda's dynamic urban heart, where old and new fuse to offer a rich and unique perspective of Uganda.
Entebbe, nestled on the northern shores of Lake Victoria, is a charming peninsula town, with a relaxed atmosphere and a leisurely pace of life. The town's expansion seems almost nonchalant as it stretches lazily towards the lake, with houses often hidden amidst lush foliage, as Entebbe boasts extensive woodlands. Entebbe offers a picturesque retreat amidst botanical gardens where verdant grass meets the water's edge, evoking thoughts of picnics by the shore. Ascend to vantage points like Nsamizi Hill, and you'll be treated to glimpses of Lake Victoria through gaps in the trees or palm trunk barriers from virtually every angle. However, the unparalleled charm of the area is perhaps best revealed from the heights graced by the State House, presenting an enchanting vista of Lake Victoria, punctuated by islands.
Jinja, also known as Uganda's Adventure Capital, is nestled at the source of the mighty Nile River, along the scenic shores of Lake Victoria. Located 80 km east of Kampala, this charming town, once a humble fishing village, evolved into a bustling hub with British and Indian influence in the early 1900s when it served as a railway center for sugar cane and cotton farming. Jinja's architectural blend of African and colonial styles lends it a unique character.
Jinja earns its reputation as Uganda's Adventure Capital with a thrilling array of activities including white river rafting, canoeing or kayaking, bungee jumping over the Nile, quad biking adventures, horse riding, and much more. With a population exceeding 70,000, Jinja offers a lively atmosphere with various shops, a hospital, sports facilities, and internet cafes. The bustling market is a must-visit, offering everything from fresh produce to vibrant textiles.
Jinja's claim to fame lies in being the source of the Nile River, the world's longest river. From here, the Nile embarks on its epic 6,000 km journey to Egypt, where it flows into the Mediterranean Sea. On the western bank of the river stands the Speke Monument, honoring John Speke, the first European to witness the Nile's source. The other notable monument in Jinja is the Mahatma Gandhi Monument which honors Mahatma Gandhi, whose ashes were scattered in the world's major rivers, including the Nile, after his 1948 passing. A memorial garden and statue stand as a tribute.
The best time to visit Uganda is during the high season, which aligns with the summer months in the northern hemisphere, running from June to October. While Uganda is a good year-round destination, it's important to note that the rainy seasons from March to May and November to December can pose logistical challenges. These rains also make trekking activities in places like Bwindi, Mgahinga, and Kibale more difficult due to muddy mountain slopes. Despite Uganda’s equatorial location, the high altitude helps moderate the heat, ensuring temperate weather throughout the year. So, if you're planning a Uganda safari, the best time to visit will be from June to October for the most favorable conditions.
Uganda straddles the equator and so experiences minimal year-round temperature fluctuations. The hottest months, January and February, witness daytime temperatures averaging between 24°C to 33°C / 75°F to 91°F, occasionally soaring to 40°C / 104°F in the northern regions.
Southern Uganda encounters two distinct Wet seasons: mid-September to November and March to May, though rain can surprise at any time. The south sees more rainfall, with a peak in April.
In the north, there's a continuous Wet season from March to November and a distinct Dry season from December to February. During the Dry Seasons, from June to August and December to February, average temperatures hover around 27°C / 81°F in the afternoon and 16°C / 61°F in the morning. The north experiences less rainfall on average.
Higher altitudes, including gorilla parks, can be cooler. In the Wet Seasons, from March to May and September to November, daytime temperatures average around 28°C / 82°F, with morning temperatures at approximately 16°C / 61°F, varying with altitude.
There are numerous factors that can affect the cost of your Uganda safari. The length of your trip, parks visited, group size, level of comfort, transport, and the season you choose to travel in, will all affect your Uganda safari budget. For more details, see African safari costs and budgeting.
Gorilla trekking Uganda’s top safari activity. It also plays a crucial role in the conservation of gorillas and chimpanzees. Ugandan gorilla trekking permits are more than 50% cheaper than permits in Rwanda and will cost tourists US$ 700. You can read our comprehensive gorilla trekking guide here.
Uganda Safari Costs*
*These prices are meant to give you a quick overview. For accurate and up-to-date safari prices, check out African Budget Safaris Uganda safari packages.
Here are a few sample packages for Uganda safaris, ranging from 3 to 6 days:
For more great Uganda safari packages click here to explore.
Uganda’s main airport is Entebbe International Airport (EBB), located on Lake Victoria in Entebbe town, approximately 46 km / 29 miles from the capital city, Kampala. Uganda's relatively compact size makes ground transportation the usual mode of travel within the country, although more luxurious packages offer fly-in safaris. Airport and hotel transfers are usually arranged and will form a part of your selected tour package. Entebbe International Airport has two terminals, one for international and another for domestic services. Taxis are available at the airport as well as car rental agencies.
Navigating Uganda is relatively straightforward and budget-friendly compared to neighboring countries.
There are licensed private taxis that operate between Entebbe International Airport and Kampala. Special hire taxis, typical taxis, are readily available in most towns but it's important to agree on the fare before a journey is advisable.
One of the most common modes of transport in Uganda is the Boda Boda. Boda Bodas can be bicycles, mopeds, motorcycles, scooters, or any two-wheeled vehicle where passengers sit on the back of the bike. Boda Bodas are the most affordable mode of transport, however, while Boda Bodas are fast and fun, accidents are common.
There are two types of buses in Uganda, minibus taxis and coaches. Minibuses known as matatus operate along fixed routes between towns, offer a hop-on hop-off service and run frequently. On the downside, they stop often and have low standards of vehicle safety. Coaches or regular buses, are run by numerous companies and operate with lower frequency, usually departing from central depots.
Using buses and matatus to explore Uganda's major urban centers is cost-effective if you are on a flexible schedule, making them ideal for backpackers. They do not always run on strict schedules however and are often overloaded.
Because Uganda is relatively small, driving often appears to be an attractive option. Traffic in Kampala is shocking, and while main roads are in decent condition, smaller roads are usually hard-packed dirt tracks. After heavy rains, these roads can be difficult to navigate. At night roads are hazardous, a combination of poor lighting, pedestrians on the road, cows and goats, and occasional crime. Having an experienced guide/driver takes the stress out of navigating the roads and allows you to focus on the scenery.
Comparatively small, Uganda can have long drives if you go direct. However, most destinations lie on the Uganda safari circuit that runs clockwise from Entebbe. Itineraries often start at Entebbe on the shores of Lake Victoria or in Uganda’s capital city Kampala, and go on to Lake Mburo National Park, Bwindi, Mgahinga, Queen Elizabeth, Kibale, Toro-Semliki, Murchison Falls, and then back to Kampala. Add-ons to more remote areas of Uganda are Kidepo Valley National Park in the far north and Mt. Elgon in the far east. The Uganda safari travel times and distances below are based on the above itinerary and are meant as a rough guide.
Traffic in Uganda is notoriously bad. Travel time should be around an hour but plan for more.
Driving to Bwindi from Kampala is a long drive that takes around 10 hours. Many travelers choose to break the journey at Lake Mburo National Park.
Only 49 km from Bwindi, it can take over 2 hours to reach Mgahinga from Bwindi.
By road, the journey from Bwindi to Queen Elizabeth National Park is around 7 hours.
Murchinson Falls is about a 6-hour drive from Queen Elizabeth National Park.
Entebbe International Airport is just over a 4-hour drive from Murchinson Falls National Park. Kampala, 213 km / 132 miles away, is a slightly shorter 3.5-hour journey.
The drive to Jinja from Kampala will take around 2,5 hours.
Packing for a safari adventure in Uganda requires careful consideration of various factors, including weather, cultural norms, the destinations you plan to visit, and the activities you plan to do, like gorilla trekking, and the country's diverse weather conditions. Here's a rough guide on what to pack on your Uganda safari.
Uganda is predominantly conservative and Christian, with Islam being the largest minority religion, and respecting local customs is essential. When packing, choose modest clothing that covers your shoulders and knees, as this is generally the norm for adults. Avoid tight or revealing attire, especially in rural areas and while interacting with local communities. Light, breathable fabrics like cotton are ideal, as they help you stay cool in the tropical climate while respecting cultural modesty. Additionally, it's a good practice to pack a lightweight sarong or shawl that can be easily draped over your shoulders when needed.
In urban areas like Kampala and Entebbe, more relaxed clothing such as jeans and t-shirts, but Ugandans take pride in their appearance, and crisp, smart-casual is the norm. Even in the cities, it's advisable to choose modest and culturally sensitive attire when visiting religious sites or government buildings. Comfortable walking shoes are essential for exploring the towns and cities.
If you plan to do gorilla trekking in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park or Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, specialized clothing is necessary. Long-sleeved shirts and trousers are crucial to protect your skin from thorns, branches, and nettles along the trekking trails. Sturdy waterproof hiking boots with good grip will provide stability, especially during rainy weather. Don't forget gloves, like gardening gloves, to shield your hands from nettles and scratches. Be prepared for rain with a rain jacket or poncho, and quick-drying outdoor wear is a must to stay comfortable during sudden downpours. Bring a spare set of dry clothing that you can change into, as well as a wide-brimmed hat for sun and rain protection. Insect repellent is necessary to ward off bugs, and it's best to avoid strong fragrances, as gorillas have a keen sense of smell. Lastly, a warm sweater or cardigan is recommended for chilly mornings and evenings in the highland gorilla trekking areas.
Packing for Uganda's weather means being prepared for different climates. Lightweight clothing is suitable for warm and humid lowland regions. In contrast, the highland areas can be cooler, especially in the early mornings and evenings. Layering is key to adapting to fluctuating temperatures, so include items like light jackets, sweaters, and long-sleeved shirts. A rain jacket or poncho should always be on hand, as rain showers can occur year-round. Don't forget a good pair of sunglasses, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the strong equatorial sun.
January in Uganda is characterized by warm, dry-season weather. Daytime temperatures are in the high 20°Cs in the south and the 30°Cs in the north. January in Uganda is perfect for gorilla trekking and exploring national parks in the southern region. However, due to the hot and dusty conditions, it's not the ideal time for a visit to the remote Kidepo Valley National Park in the north.
Weather conditions in Uganda remain relatively dry in February, making it an excellent time for exploring national parks in the southern regions and embarking on gorilla trekking adventures. However, February in the northern parts of the country is particularly hot and dusty, making it less ideal for wildlife viewing.
In March, while the north remains dry, southern Uganda welcomes the onset of its first rainy season. March is less favorable for gorilla trekking and wildlife viewing excursions.
April is Uganda's wettest month. This is the low tourist season when many lodges close, and dirt roads can become impassable. There are, however, opportunities for discounted rates on accommodations and the possibility of reduced gorilla trekking permit prices.
May continues to bring rainfall to Uganda, although it's not as heavy as in April. The country remains in its low tourist season, in the past this was a good time for finding discounted rates for accommodations and gorilla trekking permits, though these are rare.
In June dry conditions return to southern Uganda while the north enters the rainy season. June is one of the finest for wildlife observation in the southern parks, as well as an excellent time for gorilla trekking. As the peak season begins in Uganda, it's advisable to secure gorilla trekking permits and accommodations well in advance, especially in popular areas.
July's limited rainfall makes it an ideal month for safaris and gorilla trekking in southern Uganda. This is peak safari season so book gorilla permits and accommodation well in advance. Parks like Queen Elizabeth National Park have increased animal activity around water sources, enhancing wildlife spotting opportunities. When gorilla trekking, the drier conditions in July make trekking paths easier to navigate for gorilla adventures.
August is a fantastic time to explore southern Uganda, as it marks the end of the dry season. In August, wildlife viewing opportunities in national parks are excellent as dry landscapes draw animals to water sources. August in Uganda is ideal for gorilla trekking.
September is the start of the second rainy season in Uganda. For those hunting bargain deals and discounted rates, September can be a good month, though expect less favorable conditions for park visits or gorilla trekking due to heavy thundershowers, challenging road conditions, and demanding hikes.
October continues the rainy season in Uganda, making it less than ideal for wildlife viewing and gorilla trekking.
November is the second rainiest month in Uganda. Everything is more challenging due to the heavy downpours, from muddy paths in Bwindi to lodge closures and impassable roads.
In December the rain eases off a little, allowing for more favorable travel. Both southern and northern Uganda can be visited but it is not the best time for wildlife viewing in places like Queen Elizabeth National Park, where animals will be dispersed.
Uganda is situated in the heart of East Africa, bordered by Kenya, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Tanzania. Although Uganda is landlocked and lacks access to the sea, it is located in the Great Lakes region of the Rift Valley. Uganda has abundant water resources, with its extensive lakes and rivers, including Lake Victoria, Lake Edward, and Lake Albert. The country's climate is predominantly tropical, characterized by two rainy seasons from March to May and from September to November, with two dry seasons in between, namely December to February and June to August. However, the northeastern region of Uganda experiences a semi-arid climate.
Uganda's geography is marked by a vast plateau that gradually descends from around 1,500m / 5,000ft in the south to approximately 900m / 3,000ft in the north, with natural boundaries formed by mountains and valleys. To the west, the Virunga Mountains, Ruwenzori Range (Mountains of the Moon), and the Western Rift Valley create a rugged frontier. The Virunga Mountains include Mount Muhavura and Mount Sabinio, while the Ruwenzori Range boasts Uganda's highest peak, Margherita Peak, which reaches 5,109m / 16,762ft. Lakes Edward and George lie between these two mountain ranges. The Western Rift Valley is home to Lake Albert and the Albert Nile River.
In the northeast, volcanic mountains like Mounts Morungole, Moroto, and Kadam, all exceeding 2,750m / 9,000ft, define the plateau's edge. Mount Elgon, reaching 4,321m / 14,178ft, stands as the highest peak in this chain, while the Rift Valley extends to the south and west, leading to Lake Victoria. To the north, the plateau is demarcated by the Imatong Mountains, with an elevation of about 1,800m / 6,000ft on the South Sudanese border.
Uganda boasts numerous lakes and rivers, including Lake Victoria, the world's second-largest inland freshwater lake in terms of size. Lake Victoria is also a source of the Nile River. Other major lakes include Edward, George, Albert, Kyoga, and Bisina. The country features eight significant rivers, including the Victoria Nile, Achwa, Okok, Pager, Albert Nile, Kafu, Katonga, and Mpongo.
The country's major rivers have diverse courses and characteristics, with some, like the Victoria Nile, flowing northward from Lake Victoria through the extension of Lake Kyoga, while others meander westward and northward over waterfalls like Karuma Falls and Murchison Falls before reaching Lake Albert. Lake Albert feeds the Albert Nile, known as the Al-Jabal River in South Sudan.
Uganda's soils are predominantly fertile, particularly the region surrounding Lake Victoria, which is known for its high agricultural productivity. Uganda’s other natural resources include valuable assets such as copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, and gold, which contribute significantly to its economic potential.
The region that is now Uganda has a long history of human habitation dating back about 50,000 years. Archaeological evidence suggests that early human ancestors lived in this area, and by the 1st millennium AD, several kingdoms and societies had emerged. Notable among these were the Buganda Kingdom in the south and the Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom in the west. These kingdoms had complex social structures and traded with Arab and Swahili merchants, which introduced Islam to the region. In the north, the Luo and Acholi ethnic groups established their own societies.
In the late 19th century, European colonial powers began to establish control over various regions in Africa. The British protectorate of Uganda was officially declared in 1894. During the colonial period, the British implemented various administrative and economic changes, including the introduction of cash crops like coffee and cotton. However, this period also saw social and political tensions, as traditional kingdoms were often manipulated or marginalized by colonial authorities.
Uganda gained independence from British colonial rule on October 9, 1962. Sir Edward Mutesa II, the king (Kabaka) of Buganda, became the first president of Uganda. The early years of independence were marked by political instability, with several changes in leadership and power struggles. In 1971, the dictator Idi Amin seized control in a military coup, leading to a brutal and repressive regime that resulted in significant human rights abuses.
Since the end of Idi Amin's regime in 1979, Uganda has made significant progress in stabilizing its political situation and rebuilding its economy. The country has experienced relative political stability, and democratic elections have been held since the early 1990s. Uganda's economy relies primarily on agriculture, and key agricultural exports include coffee, tea, cotton, and tobacco. In recent years, the service sector has expanded, particularly in areas like tourism and telecommunications.
The discovery of oil reserves in the Lake Albert region has the potential to transform Uganda's economy, although it also presents challenges related to resource management and governance. The government has been working to attract foreign investment and develop infrastructure to support the oil sector. Uganda also faces socioeconomic challenges, including poverty, income inequality, and limited access to education and healthcare. Addressing these issues while managing the potential benefits of the oil industry remains a significant task for the country. Uganda's history is marked by resilience and change, and its path toward economic development and stability continues to evolve.
Yes. Travelers to Uganda do require a visa. Nationals of most countries require a visa to enter Uganda. They must apply and pay for the Uganda entry visa in advance and can do so online with the e-visa system.
As of March 7th, proof of vaccination or a negative COVID-19 PCR test certificate is no longer required upon arrival in Uganda, but travelers should be aware of entry requirements at their final destination if transiting or departing. It's essential to have a valid passport with at least six months of validity from the arrival date when entering Uganda. Visas can be obtained by visiting a Uganda Consulate in your home country or applying for an 'e-visa' online. Additionally, travelers can apply for a 90-day East African Tourist Visa that covers Uganda, Rwanda, and Kenya. A Yellow Fever vaccination certificate is necessary for entry into Uganda.
Uganda is considered a safe safari destination and trips usually come off without any problems. That said there are travel advisories issued by various governments and it is important to be aware of the situation on the ground.
Exercise caution against opportunistic crimes, including burglaries, muggings, and thefts from vehicles in Uganda. Instances of individuals being drugged and robbed on public transport and in bars have occurred, so avoid accepting food and drinks from strangers. Be alert to potential scams, with strangers seeking personal information or financial assistance, but note that criminal kidnappings targeting foreign nationals are rare. Minimize risks by refraining from carrying large amounts of cash, displaying expensive jewelry or watches, and safeguarding your passport. Exercise increased vigilance when walking after dark, and keep car doors locked and windows closed when driving in urban areas to prevent thefts. Outside of the commute from Entebbe to Kampala, Ugandan roads are not safe at night. It's important not to leave valuables in vehicles and to cooperate if confronted by armed criminals.
For a more detailed travel advisory, you can visit the UK government or the US Uganda embassy.
Travel advisories are meant to keep you aware of possible dangers within a country, but be aware that most safaris are trouble-free. When in major urban centers, be aware, but do not let fear ruin your safari. Ugandans are famously proud of their country and excited to show off to visitors.
In 2023, Uganda's parliament passed its harshest anti-LGBTQ+ bill, with an overwhelming majority, introducing the death penalty for "aggravated homosexuals," which includes those convicted of same-sex relationships more than once. This regressive law also imposes severe punishments for individuals "promoting" homosexuality or having the intention to commit "an act of homosexuality." Citizens are legally obligated to report anyone they suspect is gay to the police, and landlords are prohibited from renting to LGBTQ+ people. Uganda's law is believed to be the first worldwide to criminalize individuals for merely identifying as LGBTQ+.
"If anybody still thinks that you can pass a law to lay a legal basis for hatred – which is what homophobia is – then I can't support you. Many of the clauses of the bill were, to put it mildly, repugnant." - Fox Odoi-Oywelowo, the only MP to openly criticize the legislation
For all travelers, regardless of sexual orientation, it is advisable to refrain from displaying affection in public. Uganda has become increasingly perilous for LGBTQ+ travelers due to laws mandating the reporting of "homosexual acts," with imprisonment as the penalty for those who do not report. Interestingly, it is not uncommon to witness men walking hand in hand, which is often seen as a sign of friendship. Conservative attire is expected throughout Uganda, with all travelers encouraged to cover at least down to the knee and their shoulders, avoiding low-cut tops.
While Kampala exhibits slightly more liberal attitudes, especially in nightclubs, rural areas tend to be more conservative. In cases of uncertainty, packing a long-sleeved shirt, or sarong, along with light trousers or a long skirt, can provide the necessary cover. The decision to boycott Uganda due to its oppressive laws and social attitudes towards the LGBTQ+ community is understandable, but it is also crucial to respect everyone's right to choose where to travel and to be well-informed when visiting places with such laws.
Uganda is a high-risk malaria country. Anti-malarial prophylactics are readily available and effective against the disease, and it is recommended that you travel with a good mosquito repellent for an extra barrier against the disease. Visiting Rwanda during the Wet seasons from October to May, presents the highest malaria risk, though mosquitos are less of an issue in high-altitude areas.
Uganda is a tropical destination and the Center for Disease Control recommends being up to date with routine vaccinations like hepatitis A & B, cholera, typhoid, polio, tetanus, rabies, and meningitis. Before you travel, visit your local travel clinic and find out at least 8 weeks in advance what vaccinations are required. This is a changing landscape and does require forward planning.
You must have a yellow fever vaccination passport when you arrive in Uganda.
Tap water in Uganda is unsafe for drinking. However, many accommodations provide free water dispensers. Bring a reusable water bottle and refill it as needed while exploring. Alternatively, affordable bottled water is widely available.
Swimming in lakes, rivers, or still water is discouraged due to parasite risks, including schistosomiasis. Uganda has experienced outbreaks of diseases like acute watery diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid, and travelers should promptly seek medical attention if they develop fever or flu-like symptoms.
Health facilities are limited, especially outside Kampala, so carrying prescription drugs and preventive medicines with a doctor's note is advisable. Physician shortages exist, and emergency assistance is limited even in Kampala.
Travelers to Uganda must have travel insurance. Check out our World Nomad travel insurance widget here.
The currency used in Uganda is the Ugandan shilling (USh)which, at the time of publishing Sept. 2023, was trading at US$ 1 – USh 3,7.
Navigating tipping etiquette in a foreign country can be challenging. In Uganda, it's customary to offer tips to certain service providers as a gesture of appreciation. When concluding a safari or hike, it's a common practice to tip your driver/guide, as well as any accompanying cooks or porters. A suitable guideline is approximately US$5 to US$20 per day, but it's advisable to confirm this with your Uganda safari company beforehand. Depending on the quality of service received, you can choose to offer a larger or smaller tip.
While not mandatory, tipping the guides who accompany you in national parks and reserves is recommended. Your gesture will be highly valued, and for good service, an amount ranging from USh5,000 to USh 20,000 / US$ 1 to US$ 5 is acceptable.
In Uganda, it's not customary to tip service staff in local bars and restaurants, as they typically receive a monthly salary, and there may be a service fee incorporated into your final bill. However, if you wish to acknowledge exceptional service, leaving a tip equivalent to 5% to 10% of the bill is generally considered appropriate, with 10% being quite generous.
Always be conscious of your belongings and don't leave your baggage unattended either at the airport, train station, or hotel lobby. Try to keep your valuables out of sight and never flash your cash. It's always a good idea to be on your guard in big cities, especially when visiting markets where pickpockets sometimes target tourists. If you are driving, avoid driving after dark, keep valuables out of sight in stationary traffic, and remove valuables from the car overnight.
When on safari in Uganda, incidents are rare so do not let fear and paranoia get the better of you. Ugandans are friendly and welcoming people with a rich, fascinating culture.
Always travel with patience, a sense of humor, and a willingness to learn.
In addition to electronic copies of your passport, and other travel documents like itineraries and booking receipts, it is good practice to keep a photocopy in your suitcase in case of an emergency.
If you are traveling to multiple destinations, keep a stash of US$ 200 to US$ 300 in small denominations. Having this on hand can be useful in case you lose your bank card or are unable to get cash from an ATM.
Travel with your own water bottle that you can top up at hotels. This will not only limit your use of single-use plastic bottles but save you a lot of money too. For extra peace of mind, invest in a good filtered water bottle that will clean your water too.
Travel with a portable power bank, and back up your photos whenever possible.
Be careful, but do not be afraid. Connecting with humans from other cultures is one of the most rewarding things about travel. Learn a few foreign words and use them whenever you can.
Always get travel insurance, and stay hydrated.
In addition to the once-in-a-lifetime experience of Uganda gorilla trekking, this scenic African country has a wide diversity of attractions for visitors of all kinds. Take a look at a few of our Uganda safari tours to the country's top travel destinations:
Use the Google map to explore Uganda.
An unforgettable Rwanda, Burundi & Uganda Safari packed with wildlife and cultural tours - from chimpanzee tracking in Volcanoes to gorilla trekking in Bwindi.
Trip Style Uganda Private Safaris
Our diverse 13-day Rwanda & Uganda Safari combines chimpanzee and gorilla trekking in Uganda with game viewing, culture and golden monkey tracking in Rwanda.
Trip Style Uganda Private Safaris
This Uganda Safari & Gorilla Trekking Tour visits Bwindi Park to track endangered Mountain Gorillas, goes wildlife viewing in Queen Elizabeth Park and more. A fantastic budget overland tour of Uganda, camping most of the way.
Trip Style Uganda Gorilla Trekking
This thrilling 12-day Uganda Safari combines gorilla trekking, chimpanzee and rhino tracking, primate habituation experiences, white water rafting and more
Trip Style Uganda Private Safaris
On this budget Uganda Safari you fly to Bwindi National Park for gorilla trekking, take a wildlife safari and go chimpanzee trekking in Kibale National Park.
Trip Style Uganda Gorilla Trekking
Our unique 9-day Uganda Safari combines lion tracking, gorilla trekking and chimpanzee trekking with cultural experiences and game viewing.
Trip Style Uganda Private Safaris
On this budget Uganda Safari fly to Bwindi National Park for gorilla trekking, go chimpanzee trekking in Chambura, go game viewing, then fly back to Entebbe
Trip Style Uganda Gorilla Trekking
The ultimate Uganda Gorilla Safari in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. A Uganda gorilla trekking, chimpanzee trekking & Murchison Falls Camping Overland Tour
Trip Style Uganda Gorilla Trekking
A budget Uganda Gorilla Safari (Lodge Overland Tour) to see wild African Mountain Gorillas includes Uganda Gorilla Trekking, Murchison Falls & Chimpanzee Trek
Trip Style Uganda Gorilla Trekking
An affordable Uganda Safari Adventure: gorilla trekking in Bwindi Forest, wildlife safari in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Kibale chimpanzee tracking & more.
Trip Style Uganda Private Safaris